數位平台數據力之競爭法規範

數位經濟時代來臨，數位平台基於其資訊匯集之地位，掌握了數位經濟之重要生產要素「數據」，並以其強大演算法分析運用數據，利用大數據分析經濟活動，達到節約成本，並提供消費者多樣化的消費選擇，造就商業創新智能化，同時也壯大其市場競爭之優勢地位。在這看似雙贏的商業模式發展之下，近年來卻也引發了社會各界及各國競爭法機關的廣泛關注，Google、Apple、Facebook、Amazon等數位科技巨擘能成為世界上最有勢力的公司，是因為其掌握了數據與數據分析技術，數據在價值上已超越石油，數據不僅是資源，也是武器，掌握數據並擁有運用數據能力者，將取得競爭優勢地位，當數位平台支配市場的能力，取決於其支配數據的能力，在市場競爭上便將愈來愈依賴數據，也愈來愈可能形成數據的壟斷。因此，近期各國競爭法執法機關，將注意力轉向數位平台的「數據支配地位」，競爭法的任務並非阻止企業變得「強大」，而是要避免「強凌弱、大欺小」破壞市場公平競爭秩序的行為。如今全球反壟斷執法對於大型數位平台的「數據支配地位」格外關注，一旦數位平台濫用其「數據支配地位」，對競爭市場造成的危害及規模是跨國且巨大的，然而國內公平交易法制對於數位平台數據支配地位影響之因應，尚未形成具體的法制政策規範，本論文將彙整近來各國競爭主管機關之執法案例，以及各國法制之立法政策比較分析，擬提出對於國內法制政策之初步建議。

關鍵字

數位平台；數據力；競爭法；限制競爭

並列摘要

With the advent of the digital economy era, digital platforms have mastered the important production factors "data" of the digital economy based on their status as a collection of information, and used its powerful algorithms to analyze and apply data, and use big data to analyze economic activities to achieve cost savings and provide consumption Consumers’ diversified consumption choices create intelligent business innovation and at the same time strengthen their dominant position in market competition. Under the development of this seemingly win-win business model, in recent years, it has also attracted widespread attention from all walks of life and competition law agencies in various countries. Digital technology giants such as Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon can become the most powerful companies in the world. Because it has mastered data and data analysis technology, data has surpassed oil in value. Data is not only a resource, but also a weapon. Those who master data and have the ability to use data will gain a competitive advantage. When the digital platform has the ability to dominate the market, Depending on its ability to control data, it will rely more and more on data in market competition, and it will become more and more likely to form a data monopoly. Therefore, recently, competition law enforcement agencies in various countries have turned their attention to the "data dominance" of digital platforms. The task of competition law is not to prevent companies from becoming "strong", but to avoid "the strong bullying the weak and the big bullying the small". Acts that undermine the order of fair competition in the market. Nowadays, global anti-monopoly law enforcement is particularly concerned about the "data dominance" of large digital platforms. Once a digital platform abuses its "data dominance", the harm and scale to the competitive market will be transnational and huge. However, the domestic fair trade legal system is very important for digital In response to the influence of platform data dominance, no specific legal policy regulations have been formed. This paper will summarize recent law enforcement cases of competition authorities in various countries, as well as a comparative analysis of the legislative policies of national legal systems, and propose preliminary recommendations for domestic legal policies.