臺灣戒嚴時期政治案件之補償與平反

The Compensation and Redress for Political Cases during the Martial Law Period in Taiwan (1949-1987)

許毓文(Yu-Wen Hsu)

指導教授 ： 邱榮舉

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.10172

摘要

中文摘要

一九四五年八月，第二次世界大戰結束，日本戰敗歸還臺灣，由當時國民政府接收歷經日本統治五十年的臺灣；嗣因國共談判破裂中國內戰開始，國民政府轉進臺灣，與中共政權形成敵對與緊張的關係。由於時空背景與許多複雜的因素，國民政府為達到鞏固政權之目的，於一九四九年五月二十日零時起戒嚴，直至一九八七年七月十五日解嚴，實施長達三十八年的戒嚴時期。除依據原有刑法內亂、外患罪章外，並陸續制定與發布《懲治叛亂條例》、《戡亂時期檢肅匪諜條例》等特別刑法法規及相關行政命令，也因此造成後來在戒嚴時期許多的叛亂或匪諜冤、錯、假之政治案件。

臺灣數十年來在政治、經濟、社會與文化之變遷發展相當迅速，在政治發展上，隨著共產制度瓦解、民主自由思潮之逐漸轉變，從早期威權體制下執政者為鞏固統治權力，對於被統治者於思想或行為上有形、無形箝制，直接或間接造成許多對於人權的侵害；而在邁向一個嶄新、自由、進步的時代潮流下，對於過去威權體制下所造成之不公義行為，則重新面臨與進行應有之檢討、真相發覺、矯正與彌補，也因此「克服過去」（Vergangenheitsbewältigung）與「轉型正義」(transitional justice) 等概念，也逐漸的被提出與被注意。

本論文採法律與歷史研究途徑，並以文獻分析及參與觀察法，探討臺灣戒嚴時期政治案件發生背景、法律與政治之互動關係、轉型正義的意涵；同時以政府制定《戒嚴時期不當叛亂暨匪諜審判案件補償條例》於補償實務上之具體運作，及臺灣推動戒嚴時期政治案件轉型正義具體落實內容為主要研究問題，進行全面與完整論述。而除了現階段積極的面對與落實轉型正義之具體實踐外，並以追求實質正義、相關歷史檔案資料之蒐整保存與善用、補償基金會面臨轉型問題，以及建立社會價值典範為積極目標為主要之研究發現與建議。希望藉著回顧過去，使各界能夠關注這段歷史，認識與理解我們臺灣發展與進步的軌跡，並以史為鑑，避免重蹈覆轍，更加珍惜現今自由、民主與人權的現代社會。

關鍵字

戒嚴時期　 ； 政治案件 ； 轉型正義 ； 補償 ； 平反 ； 人權

並列摘要

Abstract

August, 1945, the World War II ended. Imparial Japanese army, having lost the war, returned to the Kuomintang（KMT）government the island of Taiwan, which it had ruled for the past fifty years. This is followed by the Chinese civil war as the KMT and the Communist party failed to reach an agreement. The KMT consequently retreated into Taiwan, and a tense period of hostility ensued. Due to the background of the period and various complex factors, the KMT instituted martial law from May 20th, 1949, through July 14th, 1987, lasting thirty-eight years in an attempt to consolidate political power. Aside from relying to existing civil strife and foreign aggression laws and regulations, this time period also introduced various special laws and administrative orders such as the “Rebellion Punishment Provision” and the "Temporary Anti-Espionage Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion”, consequently causing many politically motivated wrongful arrests, false imprisonments, and rebellions.

During the past several decades, Taiwanese politics, economics, society, and culture developed rapidly. As the communist regime began to crumble and gradually transition into one of freedom and democracy, the political development moved from the earlier authoritarian state developed to centralize power for its rulers —by visibly and invisibly restricting the thoughts and actions of its subjects, which consequently caused injustice by directly or indirectly violating the human rights of many—into a new, free, and progressive era today that challenges and discusses the truths and amendments for the injustices of the past. Consequently, concepts such as “Vergangenheitsbewältigung” and “transitional justice” are also gradually brought up and noticed.

This dissertation studies the legal and historical backgrounds of the Taiwanese martial law period, using document analysis and participatory observation, in order to elucidate the cause of political persecutions as it relates to law and the government, an to clarify the meaning of transition justice. Furthermore, it provides a complete delineation and analysis of how the “Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion Compensation Act” is practiced in actuality. Other than actively facing and applying the principles of transitional justice at the current stage, the pursuit of real justice, the preservation and usage of historical documents, the transition issues of reparation non-profit foundations, as well as the development of an example for societal values are all important areas for research and development. By pondering this historical period from the perspective of power, politics, law, and society, hopefully we can come to a better understanding of the future of Taiwan’s development and progress. By shedding light on this piece of history, we can avoid repeating the traps of the past, and better appreciate the freedom, democracy, and human rights of the modern society.

並列關鍵字

the Martial Law Period ； political cases ； transitional justice ； compensation ； redress ； human rights

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