殺人與傷人事件屬性對他人看待被害人家屬不仇恨言論之影響探討

Exploring Third Party Perspectives towards Victims' Family Members Who do not Show Hatred in Homicide and Assault Cases

鍾晨玉(Chen-Yu Chung)

指導教授 ： 趙儀珊

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201703774

摘要

本研究的主要目的在於探索「被害人/被害人家屬表達對加害人的不仇恨看法卻受到外界否定」這樣一個現象的詳細狀況與原因。透過與心理學中「道德憤怒」此一概念知歷程的比對，藉以了解這個現象背後可能的心理機制與心理歷程。兩個子研究分別以問卷及訪談的方式進行，其中研究一以網路問卷的方式，共有192為有效參與者填寫了他們對三個我們有興趣的社會案件本身、以及若被害人或被害人家屬表示要原諒兇手，他們會有何反應。結果顯示參與者普遍認為原諒這件事與道德有關，且原諒是道德的。然而，參與者的道德判斷卻會受到事件影響，因此研究二則根據研究一的結果，邀請了61名參與者來參加訪談，藉以更進一步釐清這個狀況。研究二的結果顯示參與者對被害人家屬不仇恨態度的看待在各個方面確實是受事件不同影響的。本研究試圖將現象與理論進行連結，雖然結果並不足以提供強烈支持，但希望這樣的做法，能有助於未來對現象的了解與改善。

關鍵字

不仇恨 ； 原諒 ； 道德判斷 ； 道德憤怒

並列摘要

The present's study major aim was to explore the phenomenon of third party denial towards victims or victims' next of kin who do not show hatred towards the perpetrator. We attempted to gain understanding of this phenomenon using the 'moral outrage' theory, through two sub-studies. The first study utilized a questionnaire method where 192 participants provided their responses to three types of crime events and their reactions to displays of forgiveness by the victims and their next of kin. Results showed that forgiveness was related to morality and that it was moral to forgive. However, such moral judgments appeared to be affected by the type of crime, and so the second study utilized a semi-structured interview method to further explore this phenomenon with 61 participants. Results from the second study revealed that third party perspectives towards victims or victims' family members who do not show hatred towards the perpetrator varied according to type of crime event. Although the results merely show preliminary insight into this issue, at least this research attempts to bridge the gap between theory and real world phenomenon.

並列關鍵字

forgiveness ； moral judgment ； moral outrage

參考文獻

Batson, C., Kennedy, C. L., Nord, L.-A., Stocks, E., Fleming, D. Y. A., Marzette, C. M., Zerger, T. (2007). Anger at unfairness: Is it moral outrage? European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 1272-1285.

Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113-126.

Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108, 814-834.

Martin, J., Brickman, P., & Murray, A. (1984). Moral outrage and pragmatism: Explanations for collective action. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 20, 484-496. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(84)90039-8

O'Mara, E. M., Jackson, L. E., Batson, C. D., & Gaertner, L. (2011). Will moral outrage stand up?: Distinguishing among emotional reactions to a moral violation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 173-179. doi:10.1002/ejsp.754