根據美學規則實現照片構圖最佳化

本篇論文提出一個增進照片美感的系統，利用移動主體的方式以改善整體構圖比例。整個系統操作簡單，使用者不須有任何美學先備知識，僅須在照片中以框選方式並輔以幾筆筆刷提示主體位置，即可得到美感大幅提升的結果圖。希望可以為現代社會裡快速增加的業餘攝影師提供一個優良的圖片後製幫手。在考慮專業攝影師皆會使用的三分法則、視覺平衡規則，避開經過人像頭部的切線，並排除掉不符合語意規則的目標位置，系統設計了一個錯誤累積函數以尋找主體放置位置。系統首先將主體抽出，利用視覺特徵圖定義出主體的質心，再套入所設計的錯誤累積函數，即可算出主體放置的最佳位置，達到美感最佳化。除此之外，更對前景及背景分別做了進一步的處理，當主體過小以致圖片主題不明顯，或者背景的比例不恰當時，系統會自動做出改進，最後得出美感明顯提升的結果圖。在拍照人口大幅湧現的現今，畢竟不是人人都具備專業攝影師的取景手法及拍攝技巧，也並非每個人都能像專業美工人員一般熟悉於修圖軟體，正因如此，本論文提供了使用者在簡單的操作方式下賦予照片美感，甚至進一步提升照片的整體價值。

關鍵字

構圖；三分法；美感規則

並列摘要

This work presents a system to improve an image’s aesthetics by shifting the main object's position to change image composition. The system is user-friendly. Without knowledge of any aesthetic rules, users obtain a more aesthetically pleasing result needing only to loosely draw a rectangle and make some brushes to provide the information of main object's location. The system wants to provide a convenient editing tool to the rapidly growing community of amateur photographers in this modern society. A cost function is designed to find the main object's final position by considering the rule of thirds, visual balance, and avoiding dissection lines in the background passing through facial regions. It also rejects the target which does not obey semantic constraints. The system starts by extracting the main object. Then the center of mass is located by producing the image's saliency map. After applying the cost function, system arrives at the best target position of the main object. Furthermore, when the main object is too small resulting in an ambiguous image, or background ratio is improper, the system will fix it automatically and get the resultant image with more aesthetics. Not everyone in the rapidly growing populous has the expertise of a professional photographer’s with respect to scene selection and photographing, nor are they familiar with photograph-editing software as art professionals. For that very reason, a simple path towards post-editing and enhancing aesthetics of a photograph, and contributing to increasing its overall potential, is also one of the purposes of this research.

並列關鍵字

Composition ； Rule of Thirds ； Aesthetics Rules

參考文獻

[1] A. SANTELLA, M. AGRAWALA, D. DECARLOD, D.H. SALESIN, and M.F. COHEN. 2006. “Gaze-Based Interaction for Semi-Automatic Photo Cropping” ACM Human Factors in Computing Systems.

[3] L. Liu, R. Chen, L. Wolf, and D. Cohen-Or. 2010. “Optimizing photo composition” Computer Graphic Forum.

[4] S. Bhattacharya, R. Sukthankar, and M. Shah. 2010.“A Framework for Photo-Quality Assessment and Enhancement based on Visual Aesthetics” Proc. ACM Multimedia.

[5] C-T Shen, J-C Liu, S-W Shih, and J-S Hong. 2009. “Towards intelligent photo composition-automatic detection of unintentional dissection lines in environmental portrait photos” Expert Systems With Applications.

[7] Smith, John Thomas (1797). Remarks on rural scenery; with twenty etchings of cottages, from nature; and some observations and precepts relative to the pictoresque.. printed for, and sold by Nathaniel Smith ancient Print seller at Rembrandts-Head May's Buildings, St. Martin's Lane, and I. T. Smith, at No 40 Trith Street Soho.

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根據美學規則實現照片構圖最佳化

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