臺灣國小高年級學童家長進行家庭性教育之行為意圖：以理論為基礎之探討

A Theory-Based Exploration of Intention to Engage in Parent-Child Communication About Sexual Behaviors among 5th–6th-Graders’ Parents in Taiwan

黃巧葳(Chiao-Wei Huang)

指導教授 ： 黃俊豪

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/健康行為與社區科學研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201803923

摘要

背景：青少年性健康在世界各地皆為重要之公共健康問題。根據臺灣國家衛生研究院之數據指出，在有性經驗的青少年中，22％在14歲以前即發生初次性行為，其中32.6％在最後一次進行性行為時未使用保險套。過去文獻指出，由家長提供之安全性行為相關之家庭性教育能有效協助青少年在面對性行為時，做出明智的決定。然而，目前尚未釐清哪些可能影響因素分別促使母親和父親進行安全性行為相關之家庭性教育。

目的：欲以計劃行為理論為基礎，透過量性問卷調查，檢視臺灣國小高年級學童家長進行家庭性教育之意圖、相關因素，以做為未來衛生教育或政策宣傳之依據。

方法：研究工具係以計劃行為理論為基礎設計之量性問卷，本研究於2018年1月15日至2018年3月29日進行網路收案，係藉由傳遞網路問卷連結之方式，分享於可觸及國小高年級學童家長各大網路平台，一共蒐集587份有效樣本。運用多變項羅吉斯迴歸，探討臺灣國小高年級學童家長進行家庭性教育之意圖及相關因素。

結果：具以下特質之學童母親顯示擁有進行家庭性教育之較高行為意圖：對於進行家庭性教育造成之正向結果，抱持相對正向之態度者 (AOR=4.42)、對於負向結果，態度相對正向者 (AOR=2.26)、當面對有利於進行家庭性教育之情境時，擁有高度自覺行為控制者 (AOR=2.25)。此外，當學童父親具備下列特質顯示擁有較高行為意圖：面對進行家庭性教育之負向結果，態度相對中立者 (AOR=10.22)、主觀規範為高度支持 (AOR=10.38)。

結論：此研究發現，影響母親與父親進行家庭性教育意圖之計劃行為理論相關因素不同，因此，未來健康相關衛教欲於臺灣推廣家庭性教育，可依據研究發現，為母親與父親分別設計適性教育內容，為母親強調進行家庭性教育之正向預期結果，並為父親創造支持性環境。

關鍵字

家庭性教育 ； 國小高年級學童 ； 家長 ； 性別 ； 計劃行為理論 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

Background: Adolescent sexual health has continued to be a public health issue around the world. In Taiwan, among sexually experienced adolescents, 22% of them had sexual debut before the age of 14, and 32.6% did not use condoms during their last sexual intercourse. Safe sex education, when provided by parents, has been found effective in helping teenagers make wise decisions. However, it remains unclear what factors might motivate mothers and fathers, respectively, to engage in parent-child communication about sexual behaviors (PCCSB).

Objectives: Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study intended to examine the factors associated with the intention to engage in PCCSB among 5th–6th-graders’ parents in Taiwan.

Methods: Anonymous online survey data (N=587), including background characteristics, TPB variables, and PCCSB intention, were collected through social networking sites frequented by 5th–6th-graders’ parents in Taiwan, from January to April 2018. Multivariate logistic regression was performed, separately by parents’ gender, to examine the factors associated with higher PCCSB intention among parents.

Results: The multivariate model showed that 5th–6th-graders’ mothers in Taiwan who had the following characteristics had higher PCCSB intention: relatively neutral (AOR=2.53) and positive (AOR=4.42) ATB toward positive outcomes, relatively positive (AOR=2.26) ATB toward negative outcomes, relatively high (AOR=2.25) PBC under facilitating conditions. By contrast, fathers with the following characteristics had higher PCCSB intention: relatively neutral (AOR=10.22) ATB toward negative outcomes, relatively supportive SN (AOR=10.38).

Conclusions: Gender differences were noted in this study. Mothers with positive attitudes toward positive outcomes of PCCSB had the highest PCCSB intention, whereas supportive SN was strongly linked to fathers’ intention. Accordingly, tailored education efforts to promote PCCSB in Taiwan could emphasize positive outcome expectations for mothers and create supportive environments for fathers to optimize program effectiveness.

並列關鍵字

Parent-child communication about sexual behaviors (PCCSB) ； 5th–6th-graders ； Parents ； Gender ； Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) ； Taiwan

參考文獻

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour.

Azen, I., & Madden, T. (1986). Prediction of goal directed behaviour: Attitudes, intentions and perceived behavioural control.

Bastien, S., Kajula, L. J., & Muhwezi, W. W. (2011). A review of studies of parent-child communication about sexuality and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive health, 8(1), 25.

Byers, E. S., Sears, H. A., & Weaver, A. D. (2008). Parents’ reports of sexual communication with children in kindergarten to grade 8. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(1), 86-96.