反共與學術：從「匪情研究」到「中國大陸問題研究」

本文關注冷戰時期臺灣發端於情治系統中的「匪情研究」，隨著冷戰情勢演變，逐漸公開化、學術化並且以「中國大陸問題研究」之名進入大專校園的過程。主要發現如下：首先，此一學科之研究目的，隨著國民黨政府失去世界各國的外交承認，從加速中共滅亡的心戰政戰，轉變為「抵抗共匪毒素思想的防疫針」。其次，1970 年代之「中國大陸問題研究」開始強調冷靜客觀研究態度，師資方面，情治、政戰與黨宣人員均在其列，但已出現少數受一般院校學術訓練之研究者。此外，國民黨政府於 1970 年代策動知識青年黨部之學生黨員組建「大陸問題研究社」，並透過救國團系統、教育行政系統與情治系統提供該社資源，目的在於使該社發揮「安定校園」的功能。最後，處於「美國非正式帝國體系」外緣的臺灣，在冷戰相關學術領域所投入的資源遠少於美國，亦導致「中國大陸問題研究」對其他學術領域在選題與方法論的影響，遠低於美國的「區域研究」。

關鍵字

冷戰；非正式帝國體系；情治機構；五〇年體制；七二年體制；區域研究

並列摘要

This thesis focuses on “Communist Bandit Studies” (feiqing yanjiiu), which originated from the intelligence agencies in Taiwan during the Cold War Era. After concentrating on Communist Bandit Studies’ gradual process of publicization, academization, and finally becoming one of the college courses in the name of “Mainland China Issue Studies” (zhongguo dalu wenti yanjiu), there are four findings of this thesis. First of all, the purpose of “Communist Bandit Studies” had shifted from being a psychological and political warfare to accelerate Beijing’s collapse to self-protection (“[developing] a vaccine in order to resist against the toxic thoughts of the communist bandits”) as Taipei gradually lost diplomatic relations with major countries in the 1970s. Second, the “objective attitude” of this field of research was emphasized in the 1970s, but most of the instructors of the study had a career in the intelligence, political warfare, or propaganda agencies. However, there were also several instructors with exclusively academic background. Thirdly, the Kuomintang mobilized its student party members in the colleges to set up “Mainland Issue Studies” groups in the 1970s in order to “stabilize the campus” and provided these groups with political and financial resources through the China Youth Anti-Communist National Salvation Corps, the education administration, and the intelligence agencies. Lastly, in comparison with Area Studies in the United States, which had been promoting its national interest all over the world, much less resources were devoted to promote “Mainland China Issue Studies” due to Taiwan’s marginal status in the “informal empire system of the United States,” which resulted in Mainland China Issue Studies having less impact on other disciplines in terms of the selection of research subjects and methodology.