脈波振幅調變驅動器之研製與性能測試比較

Pulse Amplitude Modulation Inverter Design and Performance Comparison

譚仁傑(Jen-Chieh Tan)

指導教授 ： 楊士進

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201903988

摘要

現今，永磁同步馬達的發展愈趨完善，不論是表面貼磁式或者內藏磁鐵式馬達，在移動式動力系統上，都往高速化及輕量化的方向前進，為了達到上述目的，除了從馬達本身結構縮小，亦需縮小驅動器的體積，故本論文將利用脈波振幅調變(Pulse Amplitude Modulation-PAM)之技術驅動馬達，並利用其電感較高儲能密度優勢有效地縮小變頻器電源端之穩壓電容，再推導其數學模型加以探討。此外，考慮到脈波振幅調變無感測器驅動的應用，本論文亦提出了相關的角度估測方法。
在驅動器硬體架構上，脈波振幅調變系統前級需要由轉換器改變電壓，本論文將採用雙向降壓型轉換器，透過數學模型探討並結合馬達驅動之使用條件，得到轉換器電容與電感的設計依據；而無感測器驅動部分將比較傳統的30°與90°延遲驅動法，並於不同負載狀態加以驗證；最後透過效率分析比較(1)向量控制脈寬調變、(2)六步方波脈寬調變、(3)六步方波脈幅調變，分析其變頻器效率、馬達效率以及整體效率，最後證實本論文所提出的脈幅調變在高速高切換頻率之下，擁有較好的整體馬達驅動效率。

關鍵字

直流電 ； 交流電機 ； 脈寬調變 ； 脈幅調變 ； 效率分析 ； 無感測器

並列摘要

Nowadays, both surface permanent magnet (SPM) machine and interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine are well-developed. Elevate the power density through increasing machine speed within a specified size becomes a major goal on traction applications. In addition, the inverter size should be reduced in order to achieve this goal. In this thesis, a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) technology is developed to reduce the inverter size. By properly designing the LC filter, the volume of DC capacitor could be substantially reduced.
In general, PAM inverter contains a front-end DC-DC converter and LC filter to regulate bus voltage. The DC converter and LC filter are co-designed to minimize the inductance and capacitor size. Besides, the six-step trapezoidal driving scheme using 30-deg and 90-deg commutation angle are compared for PAM sensorless drive. The proposed trapezoidal PAM drive also compared with conventional sinusoidal FOC and trapezoidal BLDC driving scheme on a PM motor. It is concluded that trapezoidal PAM achieves the highest efficiency under high speed and high switching frequency operation.

並列關鍵字

DC motor ； AC motor ； PWM ； PAM ； Efficiency ； Sensorless

參考文獻

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