大學應屆畢業生初任求職情境中的資訊世界

大學應屆畢業生進入職場，對於其個人生涯發展與社會經濟均是重要的議題，本研究欲以「資訊世界」的觀點，探討大學畢業生在初次求職情境下的資訊行為，以及上述資訊行為在其求職歷程的準備與行動階段有何轉變，研究問題包括：一、圖書資訊學領域大學應屆畢業生求職歷程中，其資訊世界由哪些元素（人、事、物）與互動關係所構成？前述元素又如何反映其求職資訊行為（即資訊尋求、接收、分享與交換，及其策略與偏好）？二、圖書資訊學領域大學應屆畢業生在「求職準備期」與「正式行動期」的資訊世界，分別呈現何種樣貌？本研究採用資訊世界圖研究法，藉由半結構式訪談與資訊世界圖繪製蒐集資料，研究對象以國內圖書資訊學系大學部應屆畢業生為主。研究者透過大學行政單位、社群平台、自身人脈及受訪者介紹等管道，募得15位受訪者，均為取得國內公私立大學圖書資訊學領域學士學位，且已找到首份全職工作的應屆畢業生，受訪者工作領域與家庭經濟背景多元。研究結果發現，大學應屆畢業求職者資訊世界中的元素，以家庭、學校與網路等資訊來源管道為主，少數求職者藉由社群平台突破生活世界的界線，得以獲得更豐沛的求職資源。求職者透過多元的資訊來源管道主動尋求或被動接收資訊，進而滿足其個人準備、工作相關資訊、求職方法與心理支持的需求。時間元素在部分受訪者的資訊世界中扮演重要角色，並影響其選擇資訊來源管道或聚焦特定資訊需求等策略。地點元素在求職者資訊世界中，有時扮演促成資訊偶遇的角色，並以校園內的實體空間，以及社群平台兩大類場域為主。此外，求職者主要與大學同儕進行資訊分享與資訊交換，但並不積極，主要原因包括：求職期間不同、求職領域方向不同、自認經驗不足，以及視求職為私密個人事務。在求職歷程變化方面，求職者在求職準備期歷時更長、採用管道更多元、資訊需求更廣泛，正式行動期則呈現時間緊迫的特性，可能因而壓縮其進行多元資訊活動的機會。根據研究結果，本研究針對大學應屆畢業生初次求職歷程中的主體與相關單位，提出實務上的建議。求職者方面，建議其多把握與他人互動的機會，並嘗試接觸日常生活世界以外的資訊管道，尤其是專業社群，應有助於拓展資訊世界及獲得更多有益資訊。大學就業輔導單位方面，可嘗試透過提供實體場域或虛擬社群平台，召集具有相似求職目標的學生，提供其互相交流與建立連結網路的機會。政府就輔導單位方面，建議提供貼近應屆畢業生的輔導措施與宣傳，破除將政府資源視為求職最後管道的迷思。大學圖書資訊單位則可透過館藏徵集政策，擴充與生涯發展及求職相關，但較無時效性問題的資源，供學生多元接觸相關資訊的管道。

關鍵字

大學應屆畢業生；求職資訊；求職歷程；資訊行為；資訊世界圖研究法

並列摘要

College graduates entering the workforce is an important issue for their personal career development as well as the society as a whole. From the perspective of "information world", this study intends to explore the information behavior of college graduates in their first-time job-seeking process, and changes in job-seeking information behavior through the process. Specific research questions include: 1. What elements and relationships constitute the information world of fresh college graduates in the field of library and information science (LIS) in their first-time job-seeking process? In addition, how do the aforementioned elements reflect their job-search information behavior (i.e., information seeking, receiving, sharing and exchange, and their strategies and preferences)? 2. How is the information world of LIS fresh college graduates presented in the preparatory job search phase and active job search phase respectively? Information world mapping (IWM) was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews along with participants drawn IWMs. A total of 15 participants were recruited through the university administrative offices, student social media groups, personal connections, and participants. All participants are fresh graduates who have obtained a bachelor's degree in LIS from public and private colleges in Taiwan and have found their first full-time job. The participants reflected diversity in terms of their work fields and socioeconomic backgrounds. The results showed that interpersonal resources, specifically family members, school friends and professors, and internet resources played important roles in the information world of fresh graduate job seekers. Although most job seekers obtained information through sources and channels from their everyday life, some of them had reached out to the outside world to acquire new resources and contacts by using social media platforms. Job seekers actively seek or passively received information through a variety of information sources to meet their needs for personal preparation information, work-related information, job search methods, and emotional support. The concept of time also played an important role in the information world of some job seekers, and had influenced their search strategies (e.g., choosing information sources or focusing on specific information needs). Places where the information is disseminated are sometimes critical as they facilitate information encounter which happened mostly at physical locations on campus or online social media sites. Job seekers mainly shared and exchanged information with their peers, but not actively. The main reasons that kept job seekers from sharing or exchanging job-related information with others include: not searching for a job at the same time, search for jobs in different fields, consider themselves inexperienced, and regard job-seeking as a private and personal matter. In terms of changes in the job-seeking process, job seekers spent longer time, used more diverse information channels, and have wider information needs in the preparatory job search phase than in the active job search phase. The short time frame in the active phase could have been the reason job seekers were unable to engage more deeply in information practices. Based on the research results, suggestions are provided for fresh college graduates, employment support service providers, and information institution respectively. As for graduates seeking their first job, it is recommended that they seize the opportunities to interact and exchange information with others more actively. Also, they should try to reach out for professional connections outside their everyday life to gain a wider perspective and obtain worthwhile information. Career centers in colleges may try to hold activities gathering job seekers who pursue similar career goals by providing physical or virtual community platforms. Government employment service is in a need to present a more positive and approachable image so as to dispel the impression that government resources are the last resort when looking for a job. University libraries may provide more resources regarding career and job information that is less time-sensitive.