大專學生校外實習情境與未來職業意願關聯性探討

羅屯元(Tun-yuan Lo)

指導教授 ： 黃同圳

國立中央大學/管理學院/管理學院高階主管企管碩士班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

隨著來台觀光人數增加，世界觀光旅遊委員會 (World Travel & Tourism Council, WTTC) 估計台灣2010年的觀光事業創造 379億美元的經濟行為，使得觀光產業的蓬勃發展，對觀光服務專業人才的需求也與日俱增。餐旅服務業是一項重視技術與實務經驗的重要民生產業，學校在課程的安排上會安排學生校外實習；企業界亦期望能藉此達到降低人事成本、徵選人才的功能。校外實習的內容與方式，影響著實習生的實習績效及影響學生未來畢業後繼續從事觀光產業意願。
本研究以校外實習中半年以上與實習結束一年以內的同學為研究對象，共發出 405份問卷，回收 369份，361份為有效問卷，有效回收率為 91%。透過資料蒐集與分析，希望了解影響餐旅相關產業建教合作生實習滿意度與工作績效的重要因素，進而分析學生未來從事餐旅、休閒等服務產業的意願。
本研究發現如下：
1. 實習情境對實習績效呈正向相關，對工作的內容的認同感提高，則會提高學生實習的實習績效。
2. 實習情境對未來繼續從事餐旅行業呈正相關，學生的意願亦會增強。
3. 工作投入對實習情境與實習績效的關係呈正相關，具有部分中介效果。
4. 工作投入對實習情境與未來繼續從事餐旅行業的關係呈正相關，具有部分中介效果。
依據本研究之實證結果，提出對學生、學校與實習單位的建議：
1. 學生對於餐旅業存在不符實際的期望，應認知實習教育不僅考驗學生的工作能力，亦對職涯管理與學習成果有所助益，也在實務氣氛中培養工作態度、職業道德與服務品格，並建立自信。
2. 學校需要健全建教合作的制度，包括專責單位教師，實習前應慎選實習單位，隨時關懷實習的適應問題，獲得實習有關資料與收集教材以改進教學，發展與企業雇主之間的關係，並促進產學合作教育的專業地位。
3. 實習單位應拋棄本位主義，致力經營建校合作制度，從而改善實習合作的訓練措施，使學生的實習滿意度提升，應以長期培養正式員工為前提，為長期的餐旅服務業未來精英作預備。

關鍵字

校外實習 ； 未來從事餐旅業 ； 實習滿意度 ； 中介效果 ； 實習績效 ； 實習情境 ； 工作投入

並列摘要

Recently, Taiwan has become a favorite place for world travelers to visit in Asia. The World Travel & Tourism Council, WTTC, recently published the records, indicating that in 2010, tourists visited Taiwan and brought 37.9 billion to Taiwan’s tourism related industries. In this economical aspects related to the blooming tourism in Taiwan, a new demand of the high qualified employee, especially the hotel and restaurant professional personnel are in need. College courses in the tourism related academic departments are therefore added special trainings in joining efforts with the tourism industries to bring the hotel management personnel as well as culinary specialists among others, to receive the trainings before entering the tourism work forces. It was the request of the tourist enterprise companies to have the future employee with the proper professional training and the quality of the enthusiast loving to work in the tourism industries. In addition, tourist related companies would like to minimize and if possible, to avoid in job training expenses as much as possible. The students in the tourism related departments in the college and in the professional training schools are in fact, the vital forces to upgrade the tourism standards to the world class level in Taiwan, so that travelers would be well received and enjoyed and likely to revisit to Taiwan again. Special trainings for the actual receptionist in the hotel managements and the restaurant chief assistants among other work forces were in demand. It was indicated however, the extracurricular content has greatly influencing, in one hand the willingness of the students to enter the employment as the specialists for the tourism industries and in other hand it might help the industry to select and find the qualified work personnel from those students participated in the extracurricular training sessions.
It was the purpose of this project to carry out the survey targeting the students whom have been received the extracurricular trainings within a year, to gain the aspect of the training course. 405 questionnaires were sent and 369 were received in which 361 were considered to be valid with the 91% in responses. From these survey, the purpose of finding the effective extracurricular courses and training details from the participants, so that the purposes of giving the student the effective training activities which might encourage the student to enter the tourism industries as the management work force could be achieved. The main findings are:
1. The properly designed content and virile or enthusiasm of the extracurricular course with the especially highly encouragement to the student to enter the pre-job-training was vital and it has received the positive response from the student. The training course in general obtains the positive results from industry and the student as well.
2. The extracurricular courses and the activities of hand-on job training to the student were found to be greatly increasing the enthusiasm of the student’s willingness to enter as the employee in the tourism industries in comparison for those without taking them.
3. The kind of the giving work load and the job environmental condition to the student and the attitude of the student after receiving work assignment and the efficiency of the performance of the student on the given work in the extracurricular session, did provide the proper evaluation in one hand on the student’ characteristics to be qualified as the effective work force in this industry and on the other hand to give the student to evaluation of the proper career opportunity intending in their future employment. These environmental and circumstantial evidences have provided the positive evaluation data for the suitable personnel selection for the industry and also provided to assist the future proper job selection for the student.
4. Given certain amounts of the work load or given suitable responsibility in the industrial position to the student was found to be greatly influence to student’s future job selection. In other words, if the student liked the job or the position in the extracurricular session, tends to stay with it. Therefore, the proper assignment to the student in the extracurricular training course has the positively influencing effect.

The results of this study provide the needed information to the college administration and the course designer on the extracurricular activities for the improvement on the content of the training program as well as to the tourism industry which may provide the places and the opportunities for students in this training program. Also the results of this study may provide the self awareness on their future career aspects for those students whom are considered to participant in the future training program.
1. Students should avoid the unrealistic expectations from the tourism industries for the easy working environments. It is advisable to the students who are taking the training course to be prepared to face the fact that this training course would provide the golden opportunity for student to improve his ability to be as the able worker in the tourism related industry. It should be realized that this training hand-on program could provide the opportunity for the self-improvements on the working ethical disciples as well as to realize the need for the right working attitude and most importantly, provide the self confidence as the future work force in the tourism industry.
2. It is advisable to the administrator and the course designer in the related department to be aware of the changing conditions in the tourism industry. Thus lead to the need for the academic department to improve the training program. The contacts between academic and tourism entities should be emphasized and to maintain the workable relationships which may lead to have the join efforts to provide the needed improvements in the training program.
3. The join efforts from both sides of the academic and tourism industry should be hand in hand. The training program for the students in school should provide the time-saving pre-job training for the students and for the industry. The satisfying program may increase the willingness of the student to be trained as the specialists and as the enthusiastic and the able work forces for the tourism industry. This of course is in need to establish a join program between the academic school and the tourism industry. Thus may enhance the academic training program and also provide the essential professional work forces for the industry in the future.

並列關鍵字

work load ； med ； internship ； extracurricular course

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