大學生職場體驗經驗對職涯規劃影響之探討

本研究透過深度訪談法探討大學生進行職場體驗對職涯規劃帶來的影響。並進一步了解進行各種職場體驗類型，如打工、實習、產學合作的實施概況與問題。面對快速變動的環境下，青年失業問題的解決已刻不容緩，為了能縮小產學落差、增進青年的就業力，這已經成為一個相當被重視的議題，並視為可能的解決方案之一。研究發現職場體驗確實有助於提升大學生的人力資本、心理資本與社會資本，而對於職涯規劃的各種面向產生影響，而在職場體驗的過程中，所遭遇的種種衝突，也會使職場體驗成果大打折扣，甚至是造成大學生不願意續留該產業的原因，而比較不同類型的職場體驗類型發現，大學生打工多數與就讀科系連結不深，對於職涯的影響偏低，而自主性越高的職場體驗如私部門實習及產學合作，對於青年職涯的影響最為明顯。對此本研究提出以下建議：各類型職場體驗於工作與學習間的比重並未相同，建議大學生可以衡量自身需求，選擇一種最適合自身的職場體驗型態；職場體驗單位應安排人員指導、溝通、輔導，不僅可以改善企業形象，提升體驗滿意度，還能使職場體驗更有意義；職場體驗應增加適宜的回饋機制，在制度或是課程的設計使參與的大學生進行深層次的反思；大學生與職場體驗單位在進行職場體驗前雙方應先就職場體驗內容、方式、權利義務溝通清楚，以免有不合乎期待的職場體驗；大學生往往因為要兼顧工作與學習，造成一些負擔與壓力，建議可以好好做好時間規劃，在學業與職場體驗工作取得平衡；大學生在職場體驗的心態上應主動學習，而非抱持應付心態，使職場體驗成效最大化。

關鍵字

青年就業；職涯發展

並列摘要

This study explores the effects of college students' work trial experience on career planning through in-depth interviews. And further understand the types of work trial experience, such as part-time , internship, industry-university cooperation implementation and problems. In the face of rapid changes, the solution to the youth unemployment problem is urgent. In order to reduce the gap between industry and education and enhance the employment of young people, this has become a highly valued issue and considered as one of the possible solutions. The study found that the work trial experience does help to improve the human capital, psychological capital and social capital of college students, and it has an effects on the various aspects of career planning. In the process of the work trial experience, the various conflicts encountered will also greatly reduce the effects of the work trial experience, and even cause the college students not willing to continue the industry.Compared with different types of work trial experience types, most of the college students work part-time are not deeply connected with the department, and the effects on career planning is low, The higher the autonomy of the work trial experience, such as private sector internships and industry-university cooperation, has the most obvious effects on the youth career.The following recommendations are made for this study: The proportion of work trial experience in all types of work is not the same. It is recommended that college students can measure their own needs and choose a work trial experience that is most suitable for them ；the workplace experience unit should arrange personnel guidance, communication, and counseling to not only improve the corporate image, improve experience satisfaction, but also make this experience more meaningful.; the workplace experience should increase the appropriate feedback mechanism, the system or curriculum design enables the participating college students to carry out in-depth reflection; Before the work trial experience, college students and workplace experience units should communicate clearly about the content, methods, rights and obligations of the work trial experience, so as to avoid undesired experience；college students often have some burdens and pressures because they have to work and study together. It is recommended that they can make good time planning and balance their study and work time; college students should take the initiative to learn in the mentality of the work trial experience, instead of holding a perfunctory attitude to maximize the effectiveness of this experience.