基於脈寬幅值電壓調變之直流無刷馬達驅動器改善

Brushless DC Motor Drive Improvement using Pulse Amplitude Modulation

黃靖倫(Ching-Lon Huang)

指導教授 ： 楊士進

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/博士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202200781

摘要

本論文針對直流無刷(BLDC)馬達驅動控制提出完整的改進方案，不同於基於空間向量脈寬調變之弦波向量控制，直流無刷馬達方波驅動使用不連續之六步方波驅動。六步方波驅動擁有較佳的驅動效率，然而卻有著較大的力矩漣波與較差動態響應。這些缺點限制了直流無刷馬達打進許多由永磁同步(PMSM)馬達所掌控的市場。
本論文使用脈寬幅值調變(PAM)電壓控制被用於直流無刷馬達的驅動。本篇論文在傳統三相逆變器(inverter)之前加上一降壓轉換器(buck converter)，並針對此驅動架構提出一從零速運轉至極高速之無位置感測器驅動。在霍爾感測器作為位置回授之應用，本論文提出之脈寬幅值調變電壓控制能有效之補償因為六步驅動所產生之力矩漣波。此方法能降低大約40%的力矩漣波。從實驗結果可以顯示，本論文提出之脈寬幅值調變無刷馬達驅動在動態響應、驅動效率以及力矩漣波表現上皆與空間向量脈寬調變之弦波向量控制有相近的表現。

關鍵字

直流無刷馬達 ； 幅值調變驅動 ； 無位置感測驅動 ； 力矩漣波抑制

並列摘要

This dissertation provides a comprehensive improvement for Brushless DC motors (BLDC) drive systems for various applications. Different from field-oriented control (FOC) drive based on continuous space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), BLDC drive relies on the discontinuous six-step commutation. Although the better PWM drive efficiency is achieved, torque ripples and slow dynamic response are primary drawbacks. These limit BLDC drives from being considered in certain applications where the permanent magnet (PM) motor performance is critical and block them from progressing into new markets.
The Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) voltage control is proposed for BLDC drives by adding a buck converter in front of a traditional three-leg inverter. From the perspective of sensorless BLDC drive, the DC-link voltage is manipulated through PAM to minimize the influence of BLDC voltage spike. Compared to conventional BLDC drive, the proposed PAM BLDC drive improves both transient dynamic response and steady-state stability. From the Hall-sensor-based BLDC drive, the DC-link PAM voltage control shows the potential to compensate for the torque ripple on six-step commutation. Around 40% torque ripple reduction on a PM motor is demonstrated. According to experimental results, the proposed PAM BLDC drive is comparable with SVPWM FOC drive among dynamic response, drive efficiency, and torque ripple.

並列關鍵字

BLDC Motor ； Pulse Amplitude Modulation ； Sensorless Drive ； Torque ripple reduction

參考文獻

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