調查局組織功能變遷之政治經濟分析，1928-2020

The Political Economy of the Reformulation of Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau, 1928-2020

劉錦勳(Jin-Shiun Liou)

指導教授 ： 蕭全政

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202004289

摘要

本研究主要以政治經濟分析法，探討法務部調查局組織功能在威權時期、威權轉型期、民主鞏固期及現階段4個時期變遷發生的過程，以及影響各階段變遷發生的因果脈絡。調查局為政府組織，從市民社會、政治社會及經濟社會汲取資源，隨著社會變遷、經濟成長、民主發展、公民意識抬頭等因素影響，產生組織功能變遷；調查人員的忠誠也從政治強人、特定政黨，逐漸往國家、政府、人民發展。
在國際面上，國際情勢變化也造成調查局組織變遷，蔡總統執政以來，面對中共習近平政權崛起為世界新霸權，兩岸關係從頻繁交流轉變成「冷和僵持」，大陸加強對臺灣軍事威脅，嚇阻臺灣走向獨立，反促成臺灣與美國軍事結盟關係更加緊密。大陸加強對臺發動資訊戰、情報戰及滲透工作，調查局「反情報工作」重要性日益提升，推動相關修法，並強化資訊安全工作，設立「資安站」等。
調查局的源頭是1928年設立在國民黨之下的「調查統計科」，從事諜報、清黨等情報工作，屬情報單位，後在政府搬遷來台，情治機關重整過程中，師法美國聯邦調查局(「聯調局」)制度，成為兼具司法調查與情報工作的機關，因此，調查局與「聯調局」的發展彼此之間隱含著類似的發展脈絡。
本研究藉著討論、比較調查局與「聯調局」兩個機關之組織發展脈絡，來找出調查局在歷史發展脈絡之偏差及其偏差動員的情形；並延續前人研究所得，探討現階段調查局在國際上美中台三方新關係、公民社會上網路社群媒體發達、公民意識抬頭，以及新政治局面及經濟發展狀況下，調查局組織功能如何產生變遷。

關鍵字

法務部調查局 ； 聯調局 ； 組織變遷 ； 政治經濟分析

並列摘要

This study mainly used the political-economy to explores the establishment of the Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau (MJIB) organizational function in the four periods: authoritarian period, authoritarian transformation period, democratic consolidation period and the current stage. The MJIB is a government organization that draws resources from civil society, political society, and economic society. With the influence of factors such as social changes, economic growth, democratic development, and the rise of civic awareness, the changes in organizational functions occur. The loyalty of investigators is also derived from political strongman, Specific political parties gradually develop towards the country, government, and people.
On the international level, changes in the international situation have also caused changes in the MJIB. Since President Tsai took office, facing the rise of the Xi Jinping regime of the Chinese Communist Party as a new world hegemony. The cross-strait relations have changed from frequent exchanges to "cold and stalemate". Chinese has strengthened its military threat to Taiwan to deter Taiwan from moving towards independence. However, it promotes a closer military alliance between Taiwan and the United States. The mainland has stepped up its information warfare, intelligence warfare, and infiltration work against Taiwan. The MJIB’s counterintelligence work has become increasingly important. It promoted relevant amendments, and strengthened information security work, and established "information security stations."
The origin of the MJIB was the "Investigation and Statistics Division" established under the Kuomintang in 1928. It was engaged in intelligence work such as espionage and the eliminate party. It was an intelligence unit. Later, when the government moved to Taiwan and the intelligence agency was reorganized, it followed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) system has become an agency that combines judicial investigation and intelligence work. Therefore, the development of the MJIB and the FBI implies a similar development context.
This study compares the development context of the two agencies to find out the situation of the MJIB's deviation mobilization in the historical development context. This study continues the previous research to discuss the reformulation of the MJIB in current situation. Including new tripartite relationship between the U.S., China and Taiwan, citizenship rises, develop of the online social media, and the new party situation and economic status.

並列關鍵字

Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau ； Federal Bureau of Investigation ； Reformulation ； Political-economy

參考文獻

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