摘要
摘要 台灣每年農稻廢棄物約160萬公噸，近年來由於農耕習慣與人力不足常以露天燃燒方式處理，而農廢露天燃燒常伴隨著PM10、CO、NOx、HCs等污染物排出，其中NOx與NMHC在充足的光化反應條件下，會造成二次污染物O3的生成。如在不利擴散的天候條件，加上傳輸效應，農廢露天燃燒常會造成跨區空氣品質污染的情況發生。 為了瞭解台灣稻草農廢露天燃燒跨區傳輸的影響，本研究利用環保署監測空氣品質監測資料，以2003年二期稻農廢露天燃燒事件分析中彰雲嘉南(源區)稻草露天燃燒對高屏地區(受體區)光化學煙霧生成之影響。 本研究方法先挑選農燃事件日與非農燃事件日，配合受體區各空氣品質監測站10~18時氣團反軌跡，篩選事件日與非事件日各測站受源區傳輸作用之監測值，利用此監測值可以得到事件日與非事件日長程傳輸下對光化煙霧(PM10、CO、NOx、NMHC、O3)濃度增量影響，進而比較事件日與非事件日濃度增量的不同推估一般農收時期源區稻草露天燃燒對受體區光化煙霧生成之影響；最後由農燃特性配合傳輸作用更進一步分析源區與受體區的因果關係。 研究成果顯示ㄧ般農燃時期源區稻草露天燃燒時期對受體區之影響以PM10、CO最為明顯、而NOx、NMHC與二次衍生物O3次之，各污染物濃度增量比例為PM10：9.2 ~ 19.2 %、CO：12.2 ~ 27.4 %、NOx：2.9 ~ 20.6%、NMHC：0.1 ~ 12.5 %與O3：0.6 ~ 11.2 %；而源區與受體區因果關係之間有ㄧ時序上由北到南傳遞的現象，且受體區濃度增量統計會因源區稻草露天燃燒量增加而有倍增的現象。 關鍵字：農廢露天燃燒、跨區傳輸，反軌跡分析、農燃特性
並列摘要
Abstract Each year ,more than 1.6 million tons of agricultural rice straw waste are produced in Taiwan and have been disposed by via open burning because of agricultural way and village’s manpower of outward migration in the past few years. But agricultural open burning will emit some pollutants as PM10, CO, Nox and HCs . Among these，NOx and HCs will contribute the formation of second pollutant －O3 when in enough sunlight. By the transport effect ，agricultural open burning often causes a transboundary transport serious influence on air quality if in the weather condition which is difficult to diffuse. To realize the effect of agricultural open burning, in this study, I choose a 2003 second rice straw open burning episode from EPA ambient air monitoring data to analysize the rice straw open burning in Taichung, Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi and Tainan areas which we define as source areas are influential to the formation of photochemical smog in Kaohsiung and Pingtung area which we define as accepting area. In the research method, at first, I chose an agricultural open burning episode and a non agricultural open burning episode. From the ambient air monitoring of accepting area back trajectory, we improve these two episodes having similar transport routes. Then we can gather statistics of the pollutants’ increasing concentration of episode and non- episode. Second, comparing the increasing concentration of episode with non- episode, we can know that how serious the influence of agricultural open burning in source area affect the air quality of accepting area during the general agricultural open burning time. At last, combining characteristics of agricultural open burning and transport effect, we can analyze the relationship of source area and accepting area in detailed. The study results indicate that during the general agricultural open burning time PM10 and CO were the most obvious pollutants that agricultural open burning of source area affect the air quality of accepting area, and the following pollutants were NOx, O3 and NMHC. The ratio of effect were PM10: 9.2~19.2%, CO: 12.2~27.4%, NOx: 2.9~20.6%, NMHC: 0.1~12.5% and O3: 06~11.2%. And about the relationship of source area and accepting area, we can discover a pollutant transport phenomenon is happen from the north to the south, and the influence of accepting area will be more serious as the increasing quantity of agricultural open burning. Key word：agricultural open burning, transboundary transport, back trajectory analysis, characteristics of agricultural open burning