金融科技發展之競爭策略與創新商業模式之研究

自2008年金融海嘯後，金融科技的發展在全球受到矚目，其概念是運用科技創新，改變金融服務的效率、提供顧客更個人化的服務，其範圍相當廣泛，並將改變金融業的生態。然而，金融產業在各國屬於法規高度規範的產業，雖然金融科技能夠提升金融作業的效率與便利性，但同時也帶來許多隱憂與挑戰。本研究運用文獻探討、次級資料法、以及個案研究法，首先探討金融科技的定義與範疇、產業發展趨勢、產業關鍵技術、以及產業發展的關鍵因素，發現法規監管環境與商業模式設計對金融科技企業的發展極為重要。接著研究兩個個案–螞蟻金服與Stripe，以商業模式與競爭策略的角度來分析兩家公司，發現兩者皆是以將自己打造成平台公司、建立生態系的環境，深入與顧客互動，能因應顧客需求產出服務，因此在資本市場獲得極高的估值，值得欲進入金融科技產業的創新企業參考。

關鍵字

金融科技；競爭策略；商業模式

並列摘要

Since the 2008 financial crisis, financial technology (known as FinTech) has been one of the most important trends in international finance. The core concept of FinTech is to utilize technological innovation to enhance the efficiency of financial services and to provide customers with more personalized services. The ecological system of the financial industry is accordingly expected to be revolutionized. Nevertheless, the financial industry is a highly regulated industry in various countries. Although financial technologies will improve the efficiency and convenience of financial operations, it also encounters challenges and raises concerns. This study thus conducts a research on the development of FinTech through literature review, secondary data, and case study. The study first discusses the definition and industry scope of FinTech, industry trends, key industry technologies, and key factors for industry development. It is found that the regulatory environment and the design of business model are very critical for the development of FinTech companies. The study moves on to two cases–Ant Financial and Stripe–to discuss their business models and competitive strategies, and finds that both of the cases build themselves into platform companies and establish ecosystems for deep interaction with their customers. Thus, they obtain high valuation in the capital market as they cater to customer needs.