- 學位論文
台灣山麻雀的分布模式及棲地選擇
Spatial Distribution Model and Habitat Selection of Russet Sparrow (Passer rutilans) in Taiwan
摘要
本研究以台灣本島的稀有留鳥山麻雀(Cinnamon Sparrow or Russet Sparrow, Passer rutilans)為研究對象，目的在於(一)利用過去記錄的地點，以logistic regression 為方法來建立台灣本島山麻雀的大尺度分布預測模式，以了解山麻雀在台灣的可能棲息地; (二)利用GIS(geographic information system)及遙測技術，配合野外實地調查的資料，以判別分析 (discriminant analysis)來探討較小尺度之 下(調查點半徑400m-1000m 內)，山麻雀及麻雀 (Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus)的棲地選擇，並了解兩物種在棲地選擇上的差異。 山麻雀的大尺度分布預測模式顯示，山麻雀傾向出現在距離主要道路(國道和省道)較近，12 個月降雨量變異較大，坡度較大的地區，而模式的預測山麻雀的分布區域主要都在山區的省道附近，其中以屏東縣霧台鄉的預測分布區最為密集。而評估模式表現的各項指數，都顯示模式表現介於中等到良好之間。 在較小尺度的研究結果顯示，山麻雀傾向出現在NDVI 平均值較小，NDVI標準差也較小的地方，根據野外調查的經驗顯示，此種棲地主要可能是山區開墾地中散佈少量住宅。而麻雀則傾向出現在NDVI 平均值較小，海拔高度標準差較小，以及坡度平均值較小的地區。顯示影響麻雀棲地選擇的因子，除了植被之外，海拔高度和地形起伏也相當重要。若比較兩者的判別分析分辨率，可以發現麻雀的分辨率都較山麻雀高出許多，兩者的分辨率高峰不大相同，山麻雀在800m 的分辨率最佳，麻雀在600m 有最好的分辨率。 綜合上述的結果及野外調查的經驗，山麻雀在台灣本島的棲地似乎不虞匱乏，因此，山麻雀在台灣本島數量的限制因子，可能需要從非繁殖期的棲地數量或是和麻雀之間的競爭關係下去了解。
並列摘要
Cinnamon Sparrow (also called Russet Sparrow, Passer rutilans) is a rare resident bird of Taiwan. This study has two objects: 1. using logistic regression in building large-scale predictive distribution model based on old records,2. using GIS and remote sensing with on site bird survey to depict the small-scale (400m-1000m radius from survey points) habitat selection of Cinnamon Sparrow and Tree Sparrow(Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus). The result of large-scale predictive distribution model suggest that Cinnamon Sparrow tend to presence on sites close to major roads, large monthly precipitation varitation and greater slope. The model predict that Wu-Tai, at Ping-tong County, is the most important area for Cinnamon Sparrow in Taiwan. All evaluation indices show the model performance is fine to moderate. The small-scale analysis show that Cinnamon Sparrow tend to presence in sites with lower NDVI mean and lower NDVI standard devitation. Based on field experience, this may refelect cultivation lands scattered with few buildings in mountain areas. Tree Sparrow tend to presence on site with lower NDVI mean, lower elevation standard devitation and lower slope mean. Comparing the classification rate of discriminant analysis between two species, Tree Sparrow are always better than Cinnamon Sparrow at all distances. The result show that the breeding habitat may not be a limitation factor for Cinnamon Sparrow in Taiwan, other factors such as non-breeding habitat and competition with Tree Sparrow, are suggest by the author.