海獸胃線蟲與花腹鯖之寄生關係及系群區分之應用

The Parasitism of Anisakis simplex on Spotted Mackerel, Scomber australasicus, and Its Application on Stock Identification

周宜瑩(Yi-Ying Chou)

指導教授 ： 施秀惠

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/動物學研究研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.01526

摘要

經濟性海水魚類感染海獸胃線蟲(Anisakis simplex)常有所聞，人們因攝食含有其第三期幼蟲之漁產品，而成為海獸胃線蟲的偶發性中寄主，以致罹患海獸胃線蟲症(anisakidosis)。此外，近年來研究指出，即使攝入為死蟲，亦可能引起胃過敏性海獸胃線蟲症(gastroallergic anisakidosis)，導致發生胃腸不適與過敏症狀。本研究旨在查明花腹鯖之內寄生蟲相，統計其主要蟲種之感染情況，並選擇理想蟲種作為生物性標籤，藉以區分分佈於臺灣周圍海域之花腹鯖系群。
從南方澳漁港，連續採集一年之花腹鯖樣本(2004年4月至2005年3月)，查明其內寄生蟲相發現主要以安尼線蟲科(Anisakisdae)線蟲為主，包括海獸胃線蟲(A. simplex)、有鉤宮脂線蟲(Hysterothylacium aduncum)、帶魚針蛔線蟲(Raphidascaris trichiuri)和前盲囊線蟲(Porrocaecum decipiens)，在數量上以海獸胃線蟲第三期幼蟲為優勢蟲種( <0.01)。魚體內之海獸胃線蟲皆為第三期幼蟲，鑽孔齒和一個很大的胃是其特徵，分佈位置多位於體腔、肝臟和腸繫膜表面，多為自由活動之狀態，且具有很強的活動力；根據採樣月份、魚體體長和魚齡分組後，分析花腹鯖體內海獸胃線蟲第三期幼蟲的各項感染參數，包括：盛行率(prevalence)、感染強度(intensity)、平均感染強度(mean intensity)和豐富度(abundance)。結果發現在春季(3~5月)或體長大於280 mm或2歲以上的花腹鯖體內，才有高於100條幼蟲的感染，在生殖季節時花腹鯖體內幼蟲的感染強度亦高於非生殖季節的( <0.05)。
　　Anisakis屬下共有7種，分別為A. pegreffii、A. simplex sensu stricto、A. simplex C、A. physeteris、A. schuppakovi、A. typica和A. ziphidarum等。在臺灣東北和西南海域中，至今已確認至少存有2個系群的花腹鯖，本研究利用PCR-RFLP方法分析採集自此二海域花腹鯖體內Anisakis屬線蟲第三期幼蟲，發現東北海域中存在A. pegreffii和重組基因型(A. pegreffii與A. simplex s. s.二種之的重組型)，而西南海域中存有三種，除與前述東北海域相同二種外，另有A. typica存在。因此本研究發現Anisakis屬線蟲第三期幼蟲可作為生物性標籤，藉以區分臺灣周圍海域中花腹鯖之系群。

關鍵字

海獸胃線蟲 ； 花腹鯖 ； 生物性標籤 ； 系群

並列摘要

The most principal nematode infected by economic fish was Anisakis simplex. People might become an accidental host of A. simplex third-stage larvae by ingestion of parasitized raw or undercooked fish. Whether dead or alive, these larvae might cause Anisakidosis or Gastroallergic anisakiasis. And they also induced digestive diseases or hypersensitivity reactions. The aim of this study is to investigate the parasitical fauna of spotted mackerel, Scomber australasicus, and then select an available parasite as the biological tag in stock identification of spotted mackerel around Taiwanese waters.
Spotted mackerel was sampled from Nan Fang Ao fishing port between April 2004 to March 2005. The main parasite fauna of spotted mackerel consists of nematodes belonging to the Family Anisakidae containing A. simplex, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Raphidascaris trichiuri, and Porrocaecum decipiens. And there was significant difference in numbers among A. simplex and the others ( <0.01). All A. simplex in fish were in the third-stage larval stage, a boring tooth and a big ventriculus were its characterization. These larvae were active and free in the body cavity which was their major location inside fish. In addition, encapsulated larvae were observed on livers and mesenteries.
All fish samples examined were grouped according to the sampling month, the body length (fork length) and age. An intensity more than 100 A. simplex third-stage larvae appeared in spring samples, the fork length of fish great than 280 mm, and the age more than 2 years old. The intensity of larvae infection was also higher in samples collected in reproduction season than that from non-reproduction season.
Two stocks of spotted mackerel of Taiwan named the Eastern-Northern group and the Western-Southern group was previously reported. Analysing the Anisakis populations inside spotted mackerel with PCR-RFLP, A. pegreffii and a recombinant genotype of A. simplex s. s. and A. pegreffii were found in the Eastern-Northern group. Besides these two species, a third species of A. typica was appeared in the Western-Southern group. It seem that the Anisakis larvae were useful biological tags in stock identification of spotted mackerel from Taiwanese waters.

並列關鍵字

Anisakis simplex ； Scomber australasicus ； biological tags ； stock

參考文獻

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