鎂合金由於具有密度低之特點,目前於3C產品外殼之應用成長快速,而「沖鍛成形」正適合量產製造具螺絲孔與肋之薄壁外殼,然而目前業界與學術界對這方面之研究並不多,因此本論文探討AZ系鎂合金板材其沖鍛成形性與模具設計方式。 由於所討論之製程參數甚多,因此使用有限元素軟體DEFORM進行模擬,以節省實驗所需之時間與成本。本論文首先研究沖鍛時凸柱與側壁的材料流動方式,結果顯示成品邊長越長、角落R角越小與潤滑條件越差,會造成側壁的高度生長不均勻。本研究並針對沖鍛時成品的吸孔現象研究其成形機制,結果顯示凸柱半徑大且板材厚度越薄時,容易產生吸孔。本論文並由影響吸孔之敏感參數建立吸孔發生準則,使用此準則可快速判斷成形時是否會產生吸孔。 在沖鍛模具設計方面,可採用二道次工程成形,在第一道次先成形部分的側壁,並且局部增厚凸柱附近的板材,而第二道次工程,則設計拘束壁與餘料逃隙,並以凸柱孔成形出凸柱,在此設計方式下,沖鍛成形過程中無吸孔產生,凸柱與側壁也達到要求高度。 本研究並實際開模進行沖鍛實驗以驗證模擬之正確性,由實驗結果可知DEFORM預測凸柱與側壁生長高度的正確性很高,而實驗所得各製程參數對吸孔之影響與模擬分析之趨勢相同。另外由於3C產品外殼要求的表面品質必須非常高,本論文並探討不同潤滑劑對實際沖鍛結果之影響,比較其高溫下的潤滑效果,由此可知石墨與二硫化鉬適合使用於鎂合金的高溫沖鍛成形。本論文所獲得之研究成果可提供鎂合金沖鍛成形業者進行製程規劃以及模具設計時的參考。
The superior properties of magnesium-alloy attracted attentions from the electronics industry recently. Although the principal manufacturing process of the magnesium-alloy products has been die casting, the press forging has considerable potential because of its competitive productivity and performance. So the press forging process of magnesium-alloys at elevated temperatures was studied in the present study by the finite element analysis and experiments. In the press forging process, the heights of the side wall and the defects on the bottom of the boss called ”flow through phenomenon ” are critical issues. In order to examine the effect of process parameters on these issues, the finite element software DEFORM was employed to simulate the press forging processes. According to the results of simulations, the influence of important process parameters such as the features of parts, friction conditions, temperature, punch shape and the thickness of sheet are obtained. After obtaining the material flow pattern in press forging, a cell phone case is used to investigate the die design technologies in press forging process. A method for die designing is established in this study. The forming process is divided into two stages including perform and finishing. By the forming results, it shows that this forming process is useful to avoid ”flow through phenomenon ” and raise the heights of the side wall. The analyzed results are also verified by experiments. The experimental results obtained in the present study show good agreement with simulations. Besides, different lubricants are tested. Lubricants graphite and MoS2 are suitable for the press forging of AZ magnesium-alloys at elevated temperature. The results of this study can be reference resources for related academic research and can also be used to develop related products for industry production.