社會資本與自評健康之相關性研究

Association Between Social Capital and Self-Rated Health

鍾敏(Kathleen M. Chung)

指導教授 ： 江東亮

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/健康政策與管理研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201901836

摘要

目的：越來越多的實證研究，支持社會資本是解除貧窮及人類與經濟永續發展的關鍵，亦是影響健康的重要因子，但大多數研究皆以西方國家為對象。本研究旨在探討台灣民眾社會資本與自評健康的關係。

方法：本研究採個人層級次級資料分析，資料來源為「世界價值觀調查－台灣」，於2006年及2012年分別完成1225 (回覆率42.6%) 及1235 (回覆率23.5%) 有效樣本。社會資本為本研究自變項，包含泛化信任、殊化信任及社團參與三面向；自評健康為依變項。本研究使用羅吉斯複迴歸模型，分析社會資本與自評健康的關係。

結果：2006年與2012年之間，泛化信任的平均值由3.59 (±1.55) 上升至3.96 (±1.62)，殊化信任的平均值則由6.89 (±1.11) 下降至6.82 (±1.28)，而社團參與的平均值由1.45 (±2.10) 上升至4.20 (±4.01)。其中，泛化信任與社團參與兩者平均值增加皆達統計上顯著差異 (p<0.001) 。羅吉斯複迴歸分析結果顯示：控制人口學變項後， (1) 泛化信任和自評健康之間的關係，由2006年的顯著正相關 (OR=1.135, p<0.05) 轉為 2012年的顯著負相關 (OR=0.852, p<0.05) ； (2) 殊化信任和自評健康的關係，在兩研究年皆達顯著正相關 (2006年OR=1.213, p<0.05；2012年OR=1.313, p<0.01) ；以及 (3) 社團參與和自評健康的關係，在兩研究年亦皆為正相關，但僅有2006年達統計上之顯著水準 (2006年OR=1.113, p<0.05；2012年1.022, p>0.05) 。

結論：殊化信任越高，自評健康越高；但是泛化信任及社團參與與自評健康的關係則因年份不同而有不同，建議未來宜進一步探討。

關鍵字

社會資本 ； 泛化信任 ； 殊化信任 ； 社團參與 ； 自評健康

並列摘要

Objectives: There is increasing research and recognition that social capital is an important health determinant; however, most evidence came from western countries. This research aims to examine the association between social capital and self-rated health (SRH) of Taiwan.

Methods: Data from the “World Value Survey – Taiwan” was used to conduct individual-level secondary analysis. The final sample of 2006 and 2012 for analysis were 1225 (response rate 42.6%) and 1235 (response rate 23.5%), respectively. The independent variable, social capital, was measured by three measures: particularized trust, generalized trust, and social participation. The outcome variable was SRH. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between social capital and SRH.

Results: Between 2006 and 2012, the means of generalized trust increased from 2.59 (±1.55) to 3.96 (±1.62), particularized trust decreased from 6.89 (±1.11) to 6.82 (±1.28), and social participation increased from 1.45 (±2.10) to (±4.01). The increase of generalized trust and social participation reached a significant difference. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, increased particularized trust (in 2006, OR=1.213, p<0.05; in 2012, OR=1.313, p<0.01) and social participation (in 2006, OR=1.113, p<0.05; in 2012, OR=1.022, p>0.05) were associated with good SRH. However, the association between generalized trust and social capital changed from positive in 2006 (OR=1.135, p<0.05) to negative in 2012 (OR=0.852, p<0.05).

Conclusion: Individuals with higher particularized trust and social participation were associated with better SRH. However, the relationship between generalized trust and SRH, which varied by year, needs further research.

並列關鍵字

social capital ； generalized trust ； particularized trust ； social participation ； self-rated health

參考文獻

McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6-23.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241-258). New York, Greenwood: J. Richardson (Ed.)

Campos-Matos, I., Russo, G., & Perelman, J. (2016). Connecting the dots on health inequalities--a systematic review on the social determinants of health in Portugal. International Journal for Equity in Health, 15, 26. doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0314-z

Carpiano, R. M. (2007). Neighborhood social capital and adult health: an empirical test of a Bourdieu-based model. Health Place, 13(3), 639-655. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.09.001