文化資產保存法有關古蹟指定審議與經營管理之研究－以文化國析論

A Study of Cultural Heritage Preservation Act for Evaluation and Designation of Historic Sites and Operation Management－To Analyze Culture State

林秀穗(Shiow-Suei Lin)

指導教授 ： 陳顯武

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.10581

摘要

我國憲法增修條文第10條第11項的規定中明文提及：「國家肯定多元文化。」透過憲法的規範，建構多元文化國的憲法保障基礎，賦予國家保護不同或多樣文化差異的義務，是文化國所追求的國家目標。本文以文化基本權保障，探討現行古蹟指定之審議制度及審查作業程序，釐清中央與地方在古蹟保存行政的權責劃分，兼顧人民財產權之保障。同時經由古蹟保存之再生產及再利用，探討古蹟之經營管理策略，參酌世界其他國家之文化資產保存政策與經營管理策略，比較我國文化資產保存與經營管理之差異，及待改進之檢討。
本研究發現有五：一、文化基本權的目的在於實現一個尊重多元文化的社會，基於文化基本權受絕對保障原則，確保文化之多元性與開放性，古蹟之指定審議、如何維護之決定，應以中立及寬容原則，由學者專家或社曾上具有公信力與中立的文化團體來作成，而不適宜交由行政的官僚體系來作成，並且基於民主公開透明之原則，給予人民之參與之機會。二、在全球化面向，應尊重文化地方自治，結合地方社區，使地方開發與文化發展的關係變得更密切，藉由將資源投入地方社區，除可以建立社區文化，凝聚社區意識，也可望帶動地方經濟發展。三、為確保私有財產被指定為古蹟後，其所有人之權益即受到限制而產生經濟上之損失，國家須以「應予補償之財產權限制」之模式來補償，除了租稅優惠、酌予補助外，應予適當考量更適當之補償之方式以落實人民財產權之保障。四、由官方所贊助支持的專業諮詢單位，成立信託基金制度，來達到財務的來源，以協助各項文化資產保存計畫的執行，達到文化資產的保存汲取企業活絡經營模式，提升文化資產經濟上的產出，並且回饋至保存修復及教育推廣面上。五、古蹟經營管理的策略，影響古蹟被指定後之後續保存與維護，總體上，除了結合區域開發計畫、土地利用計畫、都市計畫外，更應透過觀光發展機制、加強地方參與，發展文化資產產業，以妥適的文化行銷及商業模式，提升民眾對文化資產價值保存的認知。

關鍵字

中正紀念堂 ； 文化國 ； 文化資產 ； 古蹟審議 ； 社區營造

並列摘要

The Amendment of Section XI, Clause X of the Constitution of the Republic of China provides, "The State values multi-culture” to construct the foundation of constitutional protection on Pluralistic Cultures Country and endow the state with an obligation to protect the cultural diversity and heterogeneous, the national goal one culture state will achieve for. This study aims to delve into the existing evaluation and designation and review process on historic sites, clarifying the division of accountability and responsibility between central and local government in administration of historic sites preservation and giving consideration into the guarantee of people’s ownership of property on the basic of “the Protection of the Fundamental Right of Culture.” Finally, by means of historic preservation and reuse, this essay probes into the management and operation strategy of historic sites, and deliberates the policy and management and operation strategy governing the cultural properties preservation by the other countries, comparing the differences between the cultural property preservation and the management and operation and those of other countries as well as putting forward the review for the improvement.
Five findings of this research are: 1. The purpose of fundamental right of culture lies in fulfilling to create one society of showing respect to multi-culture. In view of the principles protecting absolutely the fundamental right of culture to secure the cultural diversity and cultural openness, the decision on evaluation and review of the designated historic sites and how to maintain should follow the neutral and tolerant principles which should be implemented by scholars and experts or cultural groups with neutral stance and public trust, instead of the administrative bureaucratic system. Moreover, in view of the democratic openness and transparency principle, our country people should be provided with opportunities for participation. 2. In face of the trend of globalization, we should show our respect to local culture under self-governance, combining local community to make the relationships between the local development and the cultural development become closer. The incorporation of resources into local communities will help build community culture, cohere community awareness and boost the local economic development. 3. As the owner will suffer the economic loss due to his equity is subjected to restrictions arising from the owner’s private property being designated as the historic site, the nation should compensate the owner of the private property with the model of “Limitations of the Compensated Property Right.” Besides offering tax preferential benefit and having discretion to offer subsidy, the nation should consider proposing more feasible compensation schemes to carry out the people's property protection. 4. By means of officially-sponsored specialized consultation units, establish the trust fund system to obtain the financial sources aiming to facilitate the execution of each cultural property preservation plan, achieve the cultural property preservation to derive the business-invigoration operations, promote the economic output on cultural property, and give feedback to the aspects of preserving and repairing the property and the education promotion in the respect.5. Management and operation strategy on the designated historic sites influences the subsequent preservation and maintenance of the sites As a whole, besides combining the regional development planning, land utilization planning, and urban planning, the government should strengthen the local participation to develop the cultural property industry by means of the sightseeing development mechanism and promote people’s cognition over the preservation of cultural property value with the proper cultural marketing and the business model.

並列關鍵字

National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall ； Culture State ； Cultural Heritage Preservation ； Evaluation and Designation of Historic Sites ； Community Empowerment

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