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  • 學位論文

財務獎酬制度及結果回饋對工作態度與績效之影響

Effects of Incentive Scheme and Outcome Feedback on Work Attitude and Performance: An Experimental Study

指導教授 : 杜榮瑞

摘要


本研究探討財務獎酬在影響工作績效時是否受到對工作的初始態度影響,與結果回饋對工作態度的影響以及工作態度及工作績效間的關係為何。從經濟學的角度來看,給予員工越多的財務誘因,理當員工績效應該上升,但從心理學的角度,財務誘因的給予應視員工對工作的初始態度而定,某些情況下財務誘因的給予對員工績效並未有影響,基於心理學及會計學文獻,本研究發展假說如下: 假設1:財務獎酬對工作態度變化的影響,需視(1)財務獎酬型式及(2)對工作的初始態度而定。 假設1a:當受試者初始對工作態度評量高時,按件計酬型獎酬將減損受試者對該工作之態度。 假設1b:當受試者初始對工作態度評量高時,固定報酬將不會改變受試者之工作態度。 假設1c:當受試者初始對工作態度評量低時,無論固定型或按件計酬型財務獎酬對於受試者之工作態度將不會有影響。 假設2:財務獎酬對工作績效的影響,視(1)財務獎酬型式及(2)對工作的初始態度而定。 假設2a:當執行受試者工作態度評量高的工作,固定報酬受試者績效將勝過按件計酬受試者。 假設2b:當執行受試者工作態度評量低的工作,按件計酬與固定報酬受試者之績效無任何差異。 假設3:結果回饋將影響受試者後續工作態度之評量。 假設3a:正結果回饋受試者之後續工作態度評量高於負結果回饋者。 假設3b:正結果回饋受試者之後續工作態度評量高於無結果回饋者。 假設3c:無結果回饋受試者之後續工作態度評量高於負結果回饋者。 假設4:受試者之工作績效與其工作態度有關。 假設4a:受試者對工作之初始態度將影響其工作績效。 假設4b:受試者工作績效將影響其後續之工作態度。 研究方法採實驗設計,將135名受試者分為12組,分別為2種初始態度分群(初始工作態度評量高/初始工作態度評量低)x2種獎酬制度(固定/按件計酬型)x3種結果回饋(無/正/負結果回饋)。實驗要求受試者先自行對工作態度進行評量,再分到不同組別,分別執行實驗工作,工作完畢後結果回饋組得到結果回饋資訊後,全體受試者再次對工作態度進行評量,以取得受試者對工作績效及態度的數值進行分析。研究結果發現: 假設1:財務獎酬型式及對工作初始態度會交互作用影響後續對工作的態度。 假設1a:初始工作態度評量高的受試者,得到按件計酬將使其後續工作態度評量下降。 假設1b:初始工作態度評量高的受試者,得到固定報酬對其後續工作態度並無影響。 假設1c:初始工作態度評量低的受試者,無論得到固定或按件計酬對其後續工作態度無任何影響。 假設2:財務獎酬型式及對工作初始態度並未發現會交互作用影響工作績效。 假設2a:初始工作態度評量高的受試者無論給予固定或按件計酬,其工作績效並未發現有顯著不同。 假設2b:初始工作態度評量低的受試者無論給予固定或按件計酬,其工作績效並未發現有顯著不同。 假設3:結果回饋會顯著的影響後續受試者對工作的態度。 假設3a:正結果回饋受試者之後續工作態度評量高於負結果回饋受試者。 假設3b:正結果回饋受試者之後續工作態度評量與無結果回饋受試者並未發現有顯著不同。 假設3c:無結果回饋受試者之後續工作態度評量高於負結果回饋者。 假設4a:對工作的初始態度會影響受試者後續的工作績效。 假設4b:受試者之工作績效會影響後續對工作的評量。

並列摘要


This thesis examines whether performance-based incentive scheme (piece rate vs. fixed incentive scheme) is detrimental to work attitude as suggested by the over-justification literature. It also investigates the effects of work attitude and incentive scheme on performance. In addition, it explores the role of outcome feedback in the relationship between work attitude and incentive scheme. A computerized experiment with a 2 (high initial work attitude vs. low initial work attitude) x 2 (piece rate vs. fixed incentive) x 3 (no outcome feedback vs. positive outcome feedback vs. negative outcome feedback) between-subject design is conducted to test the following hypotheses: H1: There is an interactive effect between initial work attitude and incentive scheme on subsequent changes in work attitude. H2: There is an interactive effect between initial work attitude and incentive scheme on performance. H3: Outcome feedback independently and interactively (with initial work attitude and incentive scheme) affects subsequent work attitude. H4: Initial work attitude affects performance, and performance in turn affects subsequent work attitude. One hundred and thirty five undergraduate students participate in the experiment and are rewarded the amount they earn in performing the water jar task. The experimental results suggest that H1 is supported, but H2 is not. Outcome feedback independently affects subsequent work attitude, especially for positive vs. negative outcome feedback groups of subjects. The interactive effect between outcome feedback, initial work attitude and incentive scheme on subsequent work attitude is not significant, indicating that outcome feedback does not moderate the relationship among initial work attitude, incentive scheme, and subsequent work attitude. Finally, H4 is supported, which suggest that initial work attitude can affect performance, and performance can affect subsequent work attitude. Implications for future studies are discussed.

參考文獻


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