華語教學之散文教學設計研究

現代散文除了具有文學作品藝術性的語言形式、多面交際性的內容與深度的文化內涵外，更具有散文文類本身親切自然、敘述清楚、文字優美、題材豐富等優點。本文蒐集散文教學相關文獻、分析台灣目前之重要散文華語教材、訪談具相關教學經驗之教師，探究如何善用現代散文之特質，設計華語教學中的散文課程，以增進高級華語學習者之語言能力、文學與文化涵養。本研究根據華語學習者特質，編選10篇散文作品為教材，設計散文華語課程，以其中朱自清〈荷塘月色〉和琦君〈髻〉為例，設計具體教案，提出散文華語教學之有效方法，使高級華語學習者能有別於以往生活性、綜合性教材之華語學習，由練習一般性詞彙提升至文學性詞彙學習，由生活交際語言運用提升至正式得體之語言表達，由梳理文本脈絡至增進語言流利度與邏輯條理陳述，由閱讀多元文本加深加廣對華人文化的認識，達到把握篇章情感、運用文學詞彙、爬梳文章邏輯、認識文學技巧、理解文化內涵、培養寫作能力六項散文華語教學要點，充分發揮散文華語教學之價值，期望提供華語高級程度教學、華語現代文學教學領域之參考。

關鍵字

華語教學；高級華語教學；華語散文教學；現代散文教學；華語現代文學教學

並列摘要

Besides its linguistic form embodied in the artistry of literature, its multifaceted communicative content, and its profound cultural connotation, modern prose presents the nature of geniality, precision in descriptions, elegance in language, and richness in subject matters. The researcher has referred to multiple prose-teaching-related literature, analyzed prominent contemporary teaching materials used in Taiwan on Chinese prose teaching, and interviewed senior teachers with subject-related experiences. The research aims to explore how to make the best use of the characteristics of modern prose in designing Chinese prose courses to enhance the learning ability and develop the literary and cultural connotations of advanced learners. In this research, ten proses corresponding to the learners’ characteristics have been selected as the teaching materials in designing the Chinese prose courses. Among said proses, the Moonlight over the Lotus Pond by Zhu Ziqing and Bun by Qi Jun are demonstrated as examples in the teaching materials to put forward effective teaching methods. Different from the comprehensive and daily-life centered materials students used to learn from, this course is designed to upgrade the advanced Chinese learners’ vocabulary from the general level to the literature level, enable them from using daily life communicative language to formal and appropriate expression, allow them from sorting out the textual contexts to present better language fluency and logical statement, and lead them from reading diverse texts that deepen and broaden their understanding of Chinese culture to master the six key points in Chinese prose teaching, namely detecting the emotions between chapters, using literary vocabulary, combing the logic of the texts, understanding literary techniques, being aware of cultural connotations, and developing writing skills. Such achievement has excellent value in Chinese teaching and is expected to provide a reference in the fields of advanced Chinese teaching and the teaching of modern Chinese literature.