公務人員對公務人員協會的認知及參與之研究

The Research of Civil Servants’ Understanding and Participation in Civil Servants Association

江昭瑩(Chao-Ying Chiang)

指導教授 ： 黃錦堂

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.02066

摘要

公務人員向來被賦予高度的社會角色期待，政黨輪替下公務人員似成為行政效能不彰與阻礙國家進步之絆腳石，其權利與義務在長期被漠視的情形下，渠等亦缺乏積極作為。工會法第四條規定組織工會之對象中，將公務人員排除於工會法的適用範圍外，在公務人員與國家關係的演變及時代潮流的趨勢下，公務人員的權利普遍受到重視，公務人員協會法的制定與公布展現了公務人員結社之新里程。
公務人員結社自由團結權的享有，是政府順應潮流開放的民主心態，從公務人員的認知觀察，協會的組成理應落實社會權下的結社權，但因法制面的弱化與相關侷限規定，造成一不完整的勞動權，使公務人員之結社趨於一般聯誼性社團，無法發揮勞動結社的張力。本文從公務人員協會的定位、組織設計、入會原則、建議與辦理事項、協商事項、適用對象、活動之限制、內部組織、經費來源及會務人員給假規定等方面檢視協會法的缺失。
從目前協會組織成立情形觀之，可發現協會組織率偏低及功能不彰，與公務人員事前由衷期待成立公務人員團體的意願相違，除了法制面不周延外，外在條件亦影響公務人員參加協會之意願，例如: 囿於政治現實的考量、經濟需求的分析、社會力量的作用、文化層面的衝擊等多面向。政府需以前瞻視野與積極正面態度看待公務人員結社，始有助於協會的良性發展，公務人員在經濟面基本需求無虞的環境下，及貢獻與滿足的平衡，方能提高參加協會的誘因。此外，在民主社會裡終究還是要獲得一般民眾的認同，公務人員自身關心公共事務提升公民意識，以公共議題為訴求增加民意基礎，自我充實加強教育訓練，與其他利益團體相互交流觀摩，才能使協會得以永續發展。另為驗證協會法實施的成效，有關對協會的認知及參與情形，並以行政院國家科學委員會與台北縣政府公務人員作一探討。

關鍵字

公務人員 ； 工會法 ； 公務人員協會法 ； 團結權 ； 團體協商權 ； 爭議權

並列摘要

Civil servants have long been expected by the public to carry out their duties in a perfect manner. In Taiwan, it seems that civil servants have impeded the progress of this country after the Democratic Progressive Party became the ruling party in 2000. The civil servants had not achieved a lot for a long time, as their rights and interests had not been well protected under relevant laws and regulations. Under Article 4 of the Labor Union Law, civil servants are not entitled to set up a labor union. There have been significant changes in the relationships between the civil servants and the state. At present, the Parliament has improved the relevant legal regime to guarantee the rights of civil servants. The newly enacted Civil Servants’ Association Law grants association right to the civil servants. Traditionally, civil servants did not enjoy the fundamental rights provided by general labor laws. The right to organize is the window for civil servants to establish their own associations.
In order to be more democratic, the government in Taiwan agrees that civil servants are entitled for association right. The civil servants believe that the right to organize must help them set up their associations. Nonetheless, owing to the limitations seen in the relevant legal rules, the civil servants’ associations have to some extent become organizations for entertainment purposes. This study analyzes the restrictiveness of these rules, focusing on, for example, the status of the civil servants’ association, the structure of the association, entry requirements, the limitations on its activities, the internal management, and budget matters.
As to the present situation of civil servants’ associations, the rate of setting up such organizations is low and they have not functioned very well. This is absolutely not what civil servants have expected. Imperfect legal regime constitutes only one factor that has resulted in the current problem. Other factors, which concern the political realities, economic influences, social forces, and cultural impacts in Taiwan, have also kept the civil servants away from the associations. The government should treat the civil servants’ association right in a positive manner, the best way to improve the development of the associations. In addition, in a democratic society, it is definitely necessary for the associations to obtain the recognition from the public. As far as sustainable development of the associations is concerned, civil servants must pay more attention to public affairs to increase their civil awareness. This is a way to win the firm support of the general public. Members of these associations should also participate more often in professional training workshops and have more interactions with interest groups. To analyze the enforcement of Civil Servants’ Association Law, this dissertation has also examined how the civil servants in National Science Council and Taipei County Government understand this law and how they participate in the local association in the region.

並列關鍵字

Civil servants ； Labor Union Law ； Civil Servants’ Association Law ； right to organize ； right of collective bargaining ； right to dispute

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