有關匯率的議題,不僅是一般民眾平常關心,對於開放經濟體系的貨幣當局而言,由於匯率管道是貨幣政策效果的傳遞過程中,極其重要的一環,而匯率的走向與總體經濟變數關係亦非常緊密。而我國對外貿易依存度高,出口佔國內生產毛額超過6成,因此匯率相對變動對我國出口造成重大影響,同理可證,我國匯率與其他經濟變數的關係,值得加以深入探討。日韓兩國地緣關係,一直是我國經濟發展非常密切的夥伴。鑑於全球金融風暴後,韓國採貶值政策激勵出口,外加日本近年來的大幅貶值,國內產業紛紛向政府進言讓台幣貶值,以增加我國產業出口競爭力,而台幣若相對升值亦有益於國內企業增加其國內研發支出以生存,以致帶來國內產業升級。因此,本論文以探討台灣面對韓國和日本的匯率變動的情況下,國內總體經濟變數的影響。 本文建立一台灣總體經濟計量模型,包含81條方程式(49條行為方程式和32條定義式),81個內生變數,30個外生變數,資料是從AREMOS資料庫和TEJ蒐集,涵蓋1961年第1季到2013年第3季,樣本內期間為1997年第2季至2013年第3季,並利用樣本內進行2014年至2016年樣本外的預測,而另外再預測2014年至2016年的經濟成長率。最後並進行情境分析,分為(1)韓圜匯率變動(升貶值)和(2)日圓匯率變動(升貶值)探討。 模擬結果為,若兩國分別相對我國升值,對於我國國內生產毛額(GDP)會有漸緩增加的趨勢,而若兩國分別相對我國貶值,則會對我國經濟產生正向的影響,像是出口(X)上升。我國又是貿易依存度高的國家,和日、韓的進出口關係頻繁,但和日本實屬貿易互補國,和韓國則有出口競爭的壓力,由此可見日韓匯率變動對我國經濟重要變數舉足輕重。
The exchange rate volatility has always been the essential issue that people focus most on. Not only for regular people, but also that every country’s central bank regards the exchange rate policy as one of the most crucial tools to adjust the monetary policy.. Since Taiwan’s trade dependence is very high and exports accounts for more than 60% of our GDP which represents the changes of Taiwan’s relative exchange rate do affect our trade. So as the other variables that worth being discussed in the thesis. Japan and South Korea have been Tawan’s most closely-related countries due to geographic position and also the economy. After the global financial crisis occurred, South Korean government adopted currency devaluations policy to increase their exports. Sharp Japanese Yen devaluation also probably slowed down other countries’ economies. As a result, this paper analyzed that the influence of Japanese yen and Korean won exchange rate volatility will have on Taiwan’s economy. This paper used the data from AREMOS and TEJ in Taiwan to establish a macroeconomic model containing 81 equations, 81 endogenous and 32 exogenous variables from the 1st quarter of 1961 to the 3rd quarter of 2013. Moreover, the paper also used scenario analysis to research the related conditions such as the appreciation and devaluation of JPY and KRW respectively. With the simulation results, when the Korean won and the Japanese yen both gradually appreciates, Taiwan’s import cost will lessen. On the other hand, while the situation of both currency depreciation separately, Taiwan’s exports will slow down its growth and other important variables may be affected. The results represent that Japan and South Korea are really related to Taiwan’s economy.