焚化底渣再利用技術及製程改善研析

Reuse Technology and Process Improvement Analysis of Bottom Ash in the Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator

陳明州(Ming-Chou Chen)

指導教授 ： 馬小康

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.10324

摘要

由於目前台灣地區的垃圾焚化比例已達57%，未來32座大型都市垃圾焚化廠完工後，垃圾年焚化處理量將達807萬公噸，年灰渣產生量亦將達166萬公噸，如此龐大的數量加上掩埋場容積有限及新場覓地不易，底渣資源再利用已刻不容緩。
本文以3-E（工程、經濟與法規、環境）及6-Risk（技術風險、商業風險、經濟風險、法規風險、環境風險、健康風險）評估「燒結」、「熔融」及「分選/穩定」處理技術。結果顯示「分選/穩定」在資源回收處理技術較有優勢，目前台灣在底渣的「分選/穩定」處理技術方式已有首座應用實績，但後續仍有設備、產品通路等問題有待解決。
「破碎」及「分選」在底渣再利用技術中是相當重要的ㄧ環，本文除探討「破碎」、「分選」技術之操作外，並針對北部七座焚化廠產生之焚化底渣，在進到分選廠前各採三組樣品檢測含水率，而底渣經由磁選、篩分、渦電流分選後，其產出的級配約為88%~92%左右，鐵金屬約為6%~10%，非鐵金屬及未燃燒完全物質大約各佔剩餘的一半，至於重金屬含量成分也從檢測分析值，探討其對環境之影響。
最後探討A廠及新廠設計流程之缺失，本文加以修正設計處理流程，並計算有關質量平衡問題，希望能提供未來設廠之改進參考。

關鍵字

底渣 ； 飛灰 ； 大型都市垃圾焚化廠 ； 再利用

並列摘要

The waste incineration ratio in Taiwan has reached 57%. After the completion of the 32 metropolis-scale incineration plants, the amount of waste incineration will reach 8.07 million tons per year, and the amount of bottom ash will reach 1.66 million tons. Such enormous amount, along with the limit to the capability of waste landfill and difficulty in developing new landfills, the reuse of bottom ash becomes an urgent issue.
This study used 3-E (engineering, Economy and Regulation, and environment) and 6-risks (technical risk, commercial risk, economic risk, legal risk, environmental risk, and health risk) to evaluate the sintering, melting, and selective/stabilizing technologies. The results showed that separation/stabilizing is more advantageous in recycling technology. The separation /stabilizing technology has been applied in one plant in Taiwan, but problems concerning the equipment and product channels will have to be resolved.
“Dismantling” and “separation” are important segments in the bottom ash reuse technology. This study discussed the operation of “dismantling” and “separation”, and measured the water content of the bottom ash produced by the seven incineration plants in northern Taiwan, by sampling three specimens each before sending to the separation plants. The bottom ashes were processed by magnetic separation, sieving, and eddy current separation. The gradation was about 88%-92%, the iron content was 6%-10%, the non-iron and substances from incomplete combustion were half of the residue. The heavy metal content was analyzed to explored the impact on the environment.
Lastly, this study discussed the flaw charts in the design of Plant A and new plant, offered modification to the design, and calculated the mass balance, thus, to provide as a design reference for the new plants.

並列關鍵字

bottom ash ； fly ash ； Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator ； Reuse

參考文獻

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