採用建築資訊模型 (BIM) 進行工地現場安全管理的障礙調查

建築工程行業一直被認為是全球最危險的行業之一。臺灣勞動部職業安全衛生署得出結論，工地事故的主要原因主要是「墜落」、「撞擊」、「感電」和「夾傷」四個原因。儘管各種新技術正在開發，例如：建築資訊模型 (BIM)，用以改善這些施工問題，但建築工程行業仍面臨許多意外危害。BIM 廣泛用於建築工程行業，用於設計建築物和基礎設施，因此出現了有關施工安全方面使用的問題。對於施工安全而言，建築資訊模型（BIM）的採用率仍然相對較低。過往的論文已經確定了在安全方面採用 BIM 比例較低的各種原因。相比之下，沒有一篇論文談到在臺灣將 BIM 實施在工地安全方面的障礙，取決於 BIM 的成熟度。為了糾正這種情況，本研究探討的重點如下：首先通過文獻回顧確定建築工地安全實施 BIM 的主要障礙。第二，對來自專業營造公司、工程顧問公司和研究機構三組專家進行問卷調查。第三，為了探討建築安全採用 BIM 的需求和挑戰，針對行業專家進行深度訪談。此外，為了將已識別的障礙與成熟度級別配對，測量了每個案例的成熟度分數。在對障礙進行排序時，各組的平均值似乎並不是最關鍵的，因為平均排名指出最關鍵的障礙可能對其他組來說並不重要。過往的研究主要使用整體排序來確定最關鍵的障礙，這似乎具有誤導性。為了更好地了解建築工地安全實施 BIM 的障礙，本研究根據值將障礙分為三組：專業營造、工程顧問和研究機構組，對障礙的看法分別為最關鍵、關鍵和非關鍵。根據這項研究，只有當來自不同群體的所有專家都對該特定障礙有類似的考慮時，這些障礙才是最關鍵的。本研究確定了專業營造、工程顧問和研究機構組的所有專家，在施工現場安全方面實施 BIM 的最關鍵障礙，在於不了解 BIM 在施工安全方面的潛力、BIM 用戶缺乏安全專業知識、人的變化，以及缺乏高層管理和領導的支持。此外，安全部門與BIM部門之間缺乏協調及溝通、無法量化BIM應用的價值、安全部門對安全規劃的參與度不足等一些重大障礙，是專家在採訪討論中強調的一些額外障礙。

關鍵字

施工安全；關鍵成功因素；建築資訊模型 (BIM) ；採用；障礙；成熟度；專家訪談

並列摘要

The construction industry has always been considered one of the most hazardous. Occupational safety and health administration, Taiwan concluded that the primary cause of the accident on the construction site is mainly due to these four reasons "Falls," "Struck by," "Electrocution," and "Caught in /between." Even though to improve such construction issues, various new technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) are developed. Still, the construction industry is facing accidental hazards. BIM is widely used in the construction industry to design buildings and infrastructure, and questions arise about its use and adoption for construction safety. The adoption rate of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is still relatively low for construction safety. Previous papers have identified various reasons behind the low adoption of BIM for safety. In contrast, not even a single paper talk about the barriers to BIM implementation for construction site safety in Taiwan, depending on the maturity level of BIM. In aiming to help redress this situation, this study explored the significant barriers involved, firstly by a comprehensive literature review to identify the main barriers to BIM adoption for construction site safety. Then questionnaire survey was circulated among three groups of experts from construction companies, engineering consulting companies, and research organizations. Furthermore, a detailed interview was conducted with industrial experts to explore the need and challenges to BIM adoption for construction safety. In addition, to match the identified barriers with maturity level, the maturity scores of each case were measured. While ranking the barriers, the average of all the groups does not seem to be the most critical, as the average ranking indicates the most critical barriers that might not be critical for other groups. The previous study mostly used overall ranking to identify the most critical barriers, which seems misleading. In order to better understand barriers to BIM implementation for construction site safety, this study categorized the barriers into three groups based on the crisp value: the most critical, critical, and non-critical for each group of experts from construction, engineering consultants, and researcher's group. According to this study, the barriers are most critical and critical only if all experts from different groups have similar considerations for that particular barrier. This study identified the most critical barriers to BIM implementation for construction site safety for all groups of experts from construction, engineering consultant, and researcher group is unawareness of the potential of BIM for construction safety, lack of safety expertise of BIM users, the resistance of people to change, lack of top management and leadership support. In addition, some other significant barriers, such as lack of coordination between the safety department and BIM department, inability to quantify the value of BIM application, and lack of involvement of the safety department in safety planning. These are some additional barriers the experts highlighted during the interview discussion.

並列關鍵字

Construction safety ； critical success factors ； Building Information Modeling (BIM) ； Adoption ； Critical barriers ； Maturity level ； Experts interviews

參考文獻

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採用建築資訊模型 (BIM) 進行工地現場安全管理的障礙調查

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