電動機車冷卻系統之散熱流道及熱管理策略能耗效率優化設計與探討

A Study of Cooling Channel and Thermal Management Design Optimization of Cooling System for Electric Scooter

許喬暘(Chiao-Yang Hsu)

指導教授 ： 鄭榮和

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202101800

摘要

本研究以節省能源與提升效率為目標，將增程式複合動力機車之冷卻系統分為動力元件散熱流道設計與系統層級之熱管理策略建置，分別進行最佳化分析與能耗減量效益之探討，並提出一套完整之冷卻系統設計方法與流程。藉由探討目前文獻提出之設計方法，本研究彙整其優勢並改善其缺失之處，提出創新且合理之冷卻系統設計方法。依據此方法須具備之設計與評估工具，本研究建立了散熱流道有限體積模型、冷卻系統穩態及暫態數學模型。同時，本研究使用複合動力系統及冷卻系統之硬體在環(Hardware-in-the-Loop, HiL)測試平台，分別對數學模型進行驗證與探討誤差，確認設計與評估工具之可信度與合理性。針對散熱流道設計，本研究使用有限體積模型描述熱源、熱沉與流體之間的熱流狀態，並進行最佳化分析求解流道幾何與流率之最佳解，同時探討其能耗減量之效益；對於熱管理策略設計，本研究運用冷卻系統穩態及暫態模型進行策略規則之設計，並利用模型在環(Model-in-the-Loop, MiL)模擬方法針對特定之車輛測試路程進行策略規則的最佳化分析，同時探討策略運作之有效性及能耗減量之效益。本研究依據此設計方法完整的進行了冷卻系統之開發，確立了此設計方法之可行性與有效性。本研究提出之冷卻系統設計方法不局限於複合動力機車，此設計方法之理念能夠推廣至其他種類之車輛，甚至應用於車輛以外之機械或電子設備之冷卻系統設計。

關鍵字

複合動力機車 ； 冷卻系統 ； 散熱流道 ； 熱管理策略 ； 熱路模型 ； 最佳設計 ； 硬體在環測試 ； 模型在環模擬

並列摘要

With the purpose of saving energy and improving efficiency, this research presents the optimization analysis and study of energy consumption for the cooling system and thermal management strategies for the range-extended scooter. This thesis summarizes from literatures and existing studies to gather their advantages, also improving the shortcomings and proposes an innovative cooling system design method. Based on the essential design tools for this method, this thesis establishes mathematical models of the cooling channels and the whole cooling system using finite volume method (FVM) and thermal circuit method respectively. Then this research uses the hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) testbed of the hybrid system and the cooling system for mathematical models verification and to confirm the credibility and rationality of these design tools. In order to design the cooling channels, this research takes the FVM to describe the phenomena of heat transfer and the flow field and perform the optimization analysis to find the best geometry and flow rate for the cooling channels. Finally, we explore the benefits of energy reduction. For thermal management strategy design, we use mathematical model of the whole cooling system to design strategy rules, and perform the model-in-the-loop (MiL) simulation to optimize strategy rules for specific test cycle and finally investigate the effectiveness of the strategies and benefits of the energy reduction. The cooling system design method proposed in this research is not confined to range-extended scooters. The concept of this design method can be extended to other types of vehicles, and even applied to the cooling system design for other mechanical or electronic equipment.

並列關鍵字

range-extended scooter ； cooling system ； thermal management strategy ； thermal circuit model ； design optimization ； hardware-in-the-loop ； model-in-the-loop

參考文獻

[1]I. Burch and J. Gilchrist, "Survey of global activity to phase out internal combustion engine vehicles," Center of Climate Protection: Santa Rosa, CA, USA, 2018.

[2]F. Sioshansi and J. Webb, "Transitioning from conventional to electric vehicles: The effect of cost and environmental drivers on peak oil demand," Economic Analysis and Policy, vol. 61, pp. 7-15, 2019.

[3]International Council on Clean Transportation. "Growing momentum: Global overview of government targets for phasing out sales of new internal combustion engine vehicles." https://theicct.org/blog/staff/global-ice-phaseout-nov2020 (accessed June 26, 2021).

[4]EV volumes. "Global Plug-in Vehicle Sales Reached over 3,2 Million in 2020." https://www.ev-volumes.com/ (accessed June 26, 2021).

[5]楊承餘, "增程式複合動力機車之動力系統規格匹配暨硬體在環測試驗證與系統應用探討," 臺灣大學機械工程學研究所學位論文, 2021.