先秦道家哲學中「自然」的理論意義

本篇博士論文共分為八章，以下簡述各章要旨。第一章〈緒論〉，說明本篇論文的研究動機、目的、範圍、主題、步驟及方法；第二章〈先秦道家典籍涵攝「自然」引文之詮釋、關涉議題及範疇〉，針對先秦《老子》《莊子》《文子》《列子》《黃帝四經》《管子》《鶡冠子》《呂氏春秋》，進行詮釋，進而體現「自然」思想的演變脈絡；第三章〈「自然」為道家核心範疇之檢視原則〉，嘗試論證「自然」為道家核心範疇，並以張立文「中國哲學邏輯結構研究法」與「範疇解釋學」作為論證方法。第四章〈詮釋方法的反思及道法自然的存有連續性〉，針對近代學者關於「道」、「自然」的研究方向及其限制，嘗試加以評論，進而依據筆者所提出的—「存有連續性」之思想模型，提出回應。第五章〈「人法自然」與道心體證的開展〉，主要指出「自然」作為工夫，具有何種特性？進一步討論「自然」在實踐歷程中的關鍵性。第六章〈「自然」的人文政治意義—無為〉，透過典範論(paradigm)以展現「無為」在道家文獻中的重要地位，進而呈現「無為」之典範理論模型。第七章〈「自然」的倫理觀與氣論〉，體現道家通過氣論的修養工夫之後，如何揭示倫理面向的反思。第八章〈結論〉，針對道家「自然」作為核心範疇的研究方法、哲學意義進行反思。藉由本篇博士論文的撰述，筆者希望將「自然」的思想發展過程，進行深入的探究與釐清，從而論證「自然」在道家不同階段、不同學派中，居於不可忽視的核心範疇定位，具有深刻的哲學理論意義。

關鍵字

道家；自然；核心範疇；存有連續性；道；無為；氣

並列摘要

This doctoral dissertation is divided into 8 Chapters, and the gist comprised in each Chapter is specified as follows: Chapter 1 (Introduction):Expound the studying motive, purpose, scope, topic, step, and method of this dissertation. Chapter 2 (Interpretation, related issue, and scope of the “Nature” conceived in the pre-Qin Daoist codes and records): Aim at the pre-Qin’s “Laozi”, “Zhuangzi”, “Wenzi”, “Liezi”, “Huangdi Sijin”, “Guanzi”, “Heguanzi”, and “Lushi Chunqiu” to conduct interpretation, and further to embody the evolved context of the Nature. Chapter 3 (the Nature as a theorem to review Daoists’ core category): The author attempts to demonstrate that the Nature is Daoists’ core category, and adopts the “Research method of Chinese philosophy logic structure” and “Category hermeneutics” (written by Chang Liwen) as the demonstrating method. Chapter 4 (Introspection of the interpreting method, and the being continuity of Daoist Nature): Aim at directions and restrictions of the “Dao” and “Nature” researched by modern scholars; not only trying to comment its contents but also proposing a thinking mode of the author’s “Being continuity” to respond. Chapter 5 (Development of “Humans are abstracted from Nature” and the process of practicing Nature):It is primarily to indicates what kind of the characteristics is when taking “Nature” as a training instrument? Moreover, the key factor in the process of practicing Nature is also discussed. Chapter 6 (Human politics sense of the “Nature” --- Inactivity): Indicate important position of the Inactivity compiled in Daoist references through paradigm, and establish a paragon theory mold of “Inactivity”. Chapter 7 (Ethical view and Qi ism of the Nature) :It is mainly to embody the ethical introspection upon practicing Daoists’ Chi ism. Chapter 8 (Conclusion):Rethinking the research method and philosophical significance of Daoists’ Nature as the core category. Composing this doctoral dissertation, the author in the developing process of Nature’s concept expects to explore, clarify, and further demonstrate orientation of the noneligible core category in diverse phases and schools; it possesses a profound philosophy theory sense.