從出土材料探究《毛詩》之三種句式

本文主要討論《毛詩》「是A是B」、「AT1BT2」以及「終／既A且B」三種句式，從出土文獻異文為出發點探究相關內容，補足《毛詩》句式上的部分空白，商榷《毛詩》訓詁不當的句例，檢討出土材料異文的解讀。第一部分藉由《安大簡》「是刈是穫」與《毛詩》「是刈是濩」的異文，用較多篇幅剖析梳理了《毛詩》中所有的「是A是B」句式，解決「是」字的爭議和A與B的詞性和詞義，從而得出《安大簡》與《毛詩》雖然各有合理之處，展現不同的解讀面向，但以詩義解讀而言，《毛詩》舊說的解釋較好。第二部分藉由《上博簡》「天也」、《安大簡》「母兮天氏」與《毛詩》「母也天只」的異文，反思《毛詩》中的「AT1BT2」句式，釐清其中的爭議並確定T1、T2各有不同的功能，所以不能寫成「ATBT」。進而探究「可」與「也」、「氏」與「只」的關係，以及產生關係的時間。最終肯定「母也天只」應依宋人釋為「母親啊！就是我的『天』呀！」。第三部分藉由金文「中翰且揚」反思《毛詩》「終／既A且B」句式，剖析王氏父子的說法，揭示其對「終」與「既」的解釋不夠精確。並且重新思考「終」與「既」之間的聯繫，得出「終」與「既」都是表「全部、整個」的意思，可以通釋所有的「終／既A且B」句式。

關鍵字

毛詩；特殊句式；出土材料；訓詁；異文

並列摘要

This thesis mainly elaborates the three sentence patterns of Mao Shi, 「是A是B」、「AT1BT2」 and 「終／既A且B」, studying relevant content from the different texts of the unearthed documents. It complements some of the gaps in the sentence pattern of Mao Shi, corrects the misrepresentation of Mao Shi, and reconsiders the interpretation of the unearthed materials. In the first part, through the different text of An Da Jian’s 「是刈是穫」 and Mao Shi’s 「是刈是濩」, it analyzes Mao Shi’s 「是A是B」 with great length, solves the controversy of 「是」 and the meaning of A and B, and concludes that An Da Jian and Mao Shi have their own reasonable points and show different interpretations. In the second part, through the different text of Shang Bo Jian’s 「天也」 and An Da Jian’s 「母兮天氏」 and Mao Shi’s 「母也天只」, it Rethinks the 「AT1BT2」 sentence in Mao Shi, clarifies the dispute and analyzes the functions of T1 and T2. Then it explores the relationship between 「可」 and 「也」, 「氏」 and 「只」, and find out when the association occurred. This chapter finally confirms that 「母也天只」 should be interpreted by scholars in Song Dynasty as 「母親啊！就是我的『天』呀！」。 In the third part, it rethinks Mao Shi’s 「終／既A且B」 sentence through the bronze inscription 「中翰且揚」. The focus is on the analysis of Wang Nian-sun and Wang Yin-zhi to reveal the problems. It studies the connection between 「終」 and 「既」 in depth and draws a more complete explanation. In this chapter, it is concluded that both 「終」 and 「既」 mean 「全部、整個」, so as to explain all the sentence patterns of 「終／既A且B」, and all of them can get satisfactory results.