精準扶貧政策對城鄉收入差距與農村收入的影響:以湖北省為例

The Effect of the Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy on the Urban-Rural Income Gap and Rural Income: the case of Hubei province

陳金晶(Jin-Jing Chen)

指導教授 ： 黃芳玫

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業經濟學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202101196

摘要

為了解決貧困問題，中國政府自2013年開始實施精準扶貧政策，並在消除絕對貧困上取得了一定的成就。截止到2020年底，中國政府宣布絕對貧困已經被全部解決。但是精準扶貧政策實施是否能夠透過消除絕對貧困來減輕中國的相對貧困問題，仍然需要通過實證研究來分析。由於中國的相對貧困問題主要是指城鄉之間的收入不平等問題，故本研究欲觀察此政策對城鄉收入差距的影響。本研究使用2010年至2018年的湖北省各縣市統計年鑑之調查資料，分別探討精準扶貧政策是否縮小了湖北省城鄉收入差距、是否提高了農村常住居民的可支配收入、影響城鄉收入差距的因素分析以及精準扶貧政策是否存在地區的異質性。實證結果發現，精準扶貧政策不僅能解決絕對貧困問題，還能夠能夠顯著的縮小湖北省城鄉之間的收入差距，也能夠顯著的提高農村常住居民的可支配收入。但精準扶貧的政策效應在不同貧困程度的地區間存在差異性，其對位於秦巴以及武陵山脈的連片特困地區的縣市的影響小於其對非連片特困地區的影響。

關鍵字

精準扶貧政策 ； 絕對貧困 ； 相對貧困 ； 城鄉收入差距

並列摘要

In order to solve the poverty problem, the Chinese government has implemented a targeted poverty alleviation policy since 2013 and has achieved great success in eliminating absolute poverty. At the end of 2020, the Chinese government announced that it has completely eliminated absolute poverty. However, whether the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policies can alleviate China's relative poverty problem still needs to be analyzed through empirical research. Since the relative poverty problem in China mainly refers to the income inequality between urban and rural areas, this study intends to observe the impact of this policy on the urban-rural income gap. This study uses survey data from the statistical yearbooks of counties and cities in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2018 to explore whether targeted poverty alleviation policies have narrowed the urban-rural income gap in Hubei Province, increased the disposable income of rural residents, and affected the urban-rural income gap. Besides, affecting factors on urban-rural gap and regional heterogeneity of policy are also analyzed. The empirical results demonstrate that the targeted poverty alleviation policy can not only solve the problem of absolute poverty, but also can significantly reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas in Hubei Province, and can also significantly increase the disposable income of rural residents. However, the policy effects of targeted poverty alleviation differ among regions with different levels of poverty, and its impact on counties and cities located in the contiguous destitute areas of Qinba and Wuling Mountains is less than its impact on non-contiguous destitute areas.

並列關鍵字

the targeted poverty alleviation policy ； absolute poverty ； relative poverty ； urban-rural income gap

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