臺灣稻作直接給付政策對農會稻穀乾燥中心之影響-以雲林縣轄內農會為例

本研究探討我國實施稻作直接給付政策後，對於雲林縣各農會稻穀乾燥中心之影響。首先探討我國稻米產業政策發展歷史，蒐集並瞭解我國稻米產業結構現況、農會稻穀乾燥中心現況及政府對於農會興建稻穀乾燥中心補助計畫等資料，搭配訪談雲林縣內設有稻穀乾燥中心之農會，獲得我國實施稻作直接給付政策之看法與意見。另蒐集雲林地區各農會稻穀乾燥中心近年公糧收購量、近年營收及營運成本等數據，進行資料整理與分析，探討稻作直接給付政策實施後，對農會稻穀乾燥中心營運之影響。研究結果顯示在實施稻作直接給付後，當一期作稻穀價格每公斤高於21.113元、二期作每公斤高於21.115元時，農民會因選擇稻作直接給付所獲得收益較稻穀保價收購高，而不會選擇繳交公糧，在這種情形下，將導致依靠公糧加工處理費的農會稻穀乾燥中心產生虧損。而當一期作稻穀價格每公斤低於25.323元時，二期作稻穀價格每公斤低於25.325元時，糧商因協助農民解決濕榖烘乾及繳交公糧問題，可獲得的公糧加工處理費高於需補貼農民之費用，可能選擇將直接給付與保價收購的差額以現金方式給付農民，以換取公糧收購量。未來在公糧及白米市場持續萎縮下，政府不需要再繼續補助農會增設稻穀乾燥中心，而應朝向輔導及整合現有農會稻穀乾燥中心，農會也應拋棄舊有單打獨鬥之觀念，共同打造區域型的白米品牌。

關鍵字

稻作直接給付；稻穀保價收購；稻穀乾燥中心；稻米政策

並列摘要

This research investigates the impacts of implementing Paddy Rice Direct Payment Policy on paddy drying centers of Farmers' Associations in Yunlin County in Taiwan. We review the history of paddy rice policies, analyze the structure of rice industry and gather the information of government plans for building the paddy drying centers of Farmers' Associations. We also interview the managers of paddy drying centers in Yunlin County to gain the insights and opinions of implementing the Paddy Rice Direct Payment Policy. Finally, the data of purchase volumes of government, revenues and operating costs on paddy drying centers of Farmers' Associations in Yunlin County in recent years are collected to analyze the impact of Paddy Rice Direct Payment on the operation of these paddy drying centers. Our results suggest that after the implementation of Paddy Rice Direct Payment Policy, if the price of paddy exceeds NT$21.113 per kg for the 1st crop and NT$21.115 per kg for the 2nd crop respectively, then farmers will not choose to sell their paddy to the government due to the higher income of Paddy Rice Direct Payment than that of paddy purchase payment at guaranteed price. In this case, it will cause economic losses for the paddy drying centers because the revenues of these centers rely heavily on the paddy processing fee from the government purchase program. On the other hand, when the price of paddy is lower than NT$25.323 per kg for the 1st crop and NT$25.325 per kg for the 2nd crop respectively, the rice millers can obtain the paddy processing fee from the government purchase program which is higher than the fee of farmer’s allowance. So the millers may choose to pay the balance of these two policies to farmers in cash in exchange of the government purchase volumes. In the future, as government purchase and rice consumption continue to decline, there is no need to subsidize Farmers’ Associations to construct the paddy drying centers. The government should instead encourage the consolidation of the existing drying centers. Famers’ Associations should also break the traditions of independence and build a marketing partnership to promote regional rice brands.