慈善法視角下社區社會組織發展路徑探究——基於南京市玄武區婦女聯合會輔導個案的組織研究

社區社會組織，日益成為中國大陸社會治理過程中不可或缺的力量。於2016年頒布的《慈善法》，旨在”為了發展慈善事業，弘揚慈善文化，規範慈善活動，保護慈善組織、捐贈人、志願者、受益人等慈善活動參與者的合法權益，促進社會進步，共享發展成果”，然而法中规定的具體内容，對最基層的慈善組織”社區社會組織”的未來發展有無影響?法規中的哪些內容會影響到社區社會組織的未來發展途徑?是本研究者基於學理和實務經驗，都非常關切的問題。故以南京市玄武區婦女聯合會指導下的五間社區社會組織為個案進行研究，試圖尋求答案，並找出社區社會組織可能的發展路徑。本研究採用質性研究法，運用深度訪談、參與式觀察、報紙新聞與檔案資訊的內容分析等方法，取得證據，進行分析。研究發現包括：一、社區居委會可能成為影響社區社會組織的發展障礙。二、《慈善法》中的促進措施是社區社會組織主要助推器。三、資金來源、價值判斷、促進措施是影響社區社會組織發展方向的主要維度。四、目前社區社會組織的未來發展路徑是偏向獨立型、依附型、和社會企業型；而根據學界的分析，政府亦應推動”能促型”社會組織的發展。文末並提出對社區社會組織在發展路徑、與社區居委會溝通、人才建設方面的具體建議。

關鍵字

慈善法；社區社會組織；社區組織發展路徑

並列摘要

Community social organizations have increasingly become an indispensable part in the process of social governance in mainland China. Based on the content of Charity Law of the People's Republic of China promulgated in 2016, a few potential pathways were mapped in this study for five community social organizations under the guidance of the Women's Federation of Xuanwu District, Nanjing City. This study employed qualitative research methods, using in-depth interviews, participatory observations, content analysis of newspaper reports, archival information, etc. to obtain evidence. It was found in this study that: (1) Community committees have become obstacles to the development of community social organizations. (2) The promotion measures in the Charity Law are the main boosters for community social organizations. (3) Funding sources, value judgments, and promotion measures are the main dimensions that influence the development direction of community social organizations. (4) The possible future development pathways for the community social organizations are including ” independent”, “dependent”, and “social enterprise” type. Though governments should promote the development of “enabling” type social organizations based on the Law. This study put forward suggestions in future development pathways, communication with community committees, and team building for the community social organizations.