雲端能源管理之效益及應用研究

Energy Saving and Benefit by Cloud Energy Management and Its Application

曾姸潔(Yen-Chieh Tseng)

指導教授 ： 張慶源

共同指導教授 ： 林正芳 ； 李達生(Da-Sheng Lee)

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/博士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201603633

摘要

直接用傳感器或電表量測耗能很容易，但用於節能測量時，卻因為只能讀取節能期後當下的表面用電量或其他數據，由於環境變因以及建築使用用途變因等影響，只讀取節能手法前後之用電量並不能完全測量到實際節省的儲能量。國際能源效率評估組織(Efficiency Valuation Organization；EVO) 提出了國際績效測量和驗證協議(International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol,IPMVP) 節能能益量化方法，分為A，B，C和D四種不同的選項做量化節能效益，使用者雖然可以按照IPMVP的量化方式進行節能量估算，但這四個選項在執行上各有其侷限性。此外， IPMVP四個選項得知監測數據的方式是使用大量的傳感器（溫度計，濕度計，人數計算）和電表去收集數據，來確定節能計算使用的基線和節能後的比較數據，如此才能進行節能量計算與模擬。本研究提出了一個簡化傳感器數量的新型傳感器雲端平台，利用此雲端平台來進行節能效益量測，並使用EPCglobal全球電子產品代碼，做為傳感器與平台雲端傳送訊息的基本架構，平台經由雲端收集傳感器、電錶以及人員監測系統的的監測數據並進行處理及分析。將此傳感器平台應用於監測一棟已安裝新型節能系統-垂直花園系統（Vertical Garden System, VGS）的建築物，VGS主要用於遮陽，可在空調耗能方面進行節能。將傳感器平台所收集到的實測數據利用IPMVP來驗證建築節能效益，實驗結果得知VGS可以幫建築物省下8.483%的能耗。本研究精進了IPMVP選項C的計算方式，經過專業節能模擬軟體的驗證，改良後的計算方式量化出來的節能效益與模擬驗證值結果差異僅+1.565％，不確定性分析結果為±1.2％。實驗結果表明此新型傳感器平台使用的傳感器數量比傳統能源管理更少，成本更低，配合精進後的節能效益計算方式讓建物節能量測更精準，因此我們將此模式商業化推行至其他類型案場進行下一階段的應用驗證。
台灣的工業用電佔總用電量53%，這數字表示工廠企業用電量於臺灣節能佔重要佔比；而中小企業的數量佔臺灣所有企業的97.61%，如何幫助中小企業節約能源?此議題將對於臺灣環境節能減碳與降低企業成本有十足的幫助，本研究將雲端節能技術應用於65個案場，自2012年起花費2年的時間進行數據收集，研究物聯網通信、雲端計算技術及雲能源管理服務（Cloud Energy Management system, Could EMS）的整合，達到可降低營業成本且符合成本效益的節能減碳。EMS分為三個層次：基礎設施服務（Infrastructure as a Service , IaaS），平台服務（Platform as a Service, PaaS）和軟體服務（Software as a Service, SaaS），與臺灣電信服務商合作，從監測設備、控制設備，將空調和照明系統用電監測數據經由雲端全部上傳到能源管理平台。所謂能源管理平台即為智慧能源管理網絡服務平台（intelligent energy management network application service platform, iEN-ASP）。此平台提供各種節能管理服務：（1）空調系統優化，（2）照明系統優化， （3）排程控制， （4）用電管理與控制，（5）人員檢測和定時控制；依然採用IPMVP量化使用iEN-ASP前後的節能效益。實驗結果表明，一年的用電節能中位值是5,724kWh，平均每年節省5.84％的能源，65個實驗案場節能量轉換環境效益為每年減少9,926,829kg的二氧化碳排放。將收集的監測數據建立模型迴歸，結果與本研究量化計算的節能量有高度相關性。另一個有趣的結果是，如果案場由有經驗或是受過iEN-ASP課程訓練的電工配合iEN-ASP平台所發出的告警與建議進行能源管理，此類案場節能量比無上述管理人員的案場節能量多出6.25％。

關鍵字

感測器平台 ； IEN-ASP ； 雲端能源管理(Cloud EMS) ； IPMVP ； 節能效益計算

並列摘要

It is easy to measure energy consumption with a power meter. However, energy savings cannot be directly computed by the powers measured using existing power meter technologies, since the power consumption only reflects parts of the real energy flows. The International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) was proposed by the Efficiency Valuation Organization (EVO) to quantify energy savings using four different methodologies of A, B, C and D. Although energy savings can be estimated following the IPMVP, there are limitations on its practical implementation. Moreover, the data processing methods of the four IPMVP alternatives use multiple sensors (thermometer, hygrometer, Occupant information) and power meter readings to simulate all facilities, in order to determine an energy usage benchmark and the energy savings. This study proposes a simple sensor platform to measure energy savings. Using usually the Electronic Product Code (EPC) global standard, an architecture framework for an information system is constructed that integrates sensors data, power meter readings and occupancy conditions. The proposed sensor platform is used to monitor a building with a newly built vertical garden system (VGS). A VGS shields solar radiation and saves on energy that would be expended on air-conditioning. With this platform, the amount of energy saved in the whole facility is measured and reported in real-time. The data are compared with those obtained from detailed measurement and verification (M&V) processes. The discrepancy is less than 1.565%. Using measurements from the proposed sensor platform, the energy savings for the entire facility are quantified, with a resolution of ±1.2%. The VGS gives an 8.483% daily electricity saving for the building. Thus, the results show that the simple sensor platform proposed by this study is more widely applicable than the four complicated IPMVP alternatives and the VGS is an effective tool in reducing the carbon footprint of a building.
The number of SMEs accounting for 97.61% of all enterprises in Taiwan and helping SMEs to save energy will not only help to improve corporate profitability but also contribute significantly towards the national carbon dioxide (Co2) reduction target. Therefore, we conducted the next phase of the energy saving verification on Small and medium enterprises (SMES) to enhance energy savings and reducing CO2 emission of energy for environmental preservation. This paper uses the experimental results from 65 sites. Small and medium enterprises (SMES) play an important role in Taiwan’s economy. The reduction of energy costs and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are critical to preserving the environment. This paper uses the experimental results from 65 sites, gathered over two years since 2012, to determine how the integration of Internet communication, cloud computing technologies and a cloud energy management service (cloud EMS) can reduce energy consumption by cost-effective means. The EMS has three levels: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS). Working jointly with Taiwan’s leading telecom service provider, data from detection devices, control devices, air-conditioning and lighting systems are all uploaded to a cloud EMS platform, to give a so called intelligent energy management network application service platform (IEN-ASP). Various energy saving management functions are developed using this platform: (1) air conditioning optimization; (2) lighting system optimization; (3) scheduling control; (4) power billing control and (5) occupancy detection and timing control. Using the international performance measurement and verification protocol (IPMVP), the energy used at the test sites, before and after the use of the IEN-ASP, are compared to calculate the energy saved. The experimental results show that there is an average energy saving of 5,724 kWh per year, which represents a saving ratio of 5.84%. This translates to a total reduction in CO2 emissions of 9,926,829 kg per year. Using the data collected, a regression model is used to demonstrate the correlation between the power that is consumed, the energy that is saved and the area of the sites. Another interesting result is that, if the experimental sites are maintained by experienced electricians or other personnel and EMS protocols are followed, the energy saving can be as great as 6.25%.

並列關鍵字

Sensor platform ； IEN-ASP ； Cloud EMS ； IPMVP ； Effect of energy savings

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