不安全依附風格全職實習諮商心理師之同理心展現歷程探究

論文提要內容：緒論:不安全依附風格的實習諮商心理師遇到各種人際依附風格的個案，產生不同的諮商關係，諮商關係影響諮商心理師的同理心展現。因此實習諮商心理師自我覺察自己與個案的人際依附風格，與個案建立安全依附諮商關係，助於個案感受同理心。研究者在人際依附風格量表中，安全型依附分數高於不安全型依附分數兩分至三分，研究者面對家人及朋友的人際依附風格為安全型依附風格，在面對親密關係為逃避型依附風格。因此研究目的為瞭解不安全依附風格全職實習諮商心理師與安全及不安全依附風格個案之諮商關係及同理心探究。研究方法：本研究採用質性研究訪談法，標準取樣以王慶福（1997）人際依附量表與王慶福（2000）人際依附風格類型自評排序輔助題蒐集研究參與者的資料。再以同理心半結構訪談方式聚焦於研究參與者在諮商晤談中之同理心展現歷程，最後以文本分析研究參與者之故事。研究結果：針對研究問題由訪談資料歸納發現，(1)逃避依附風格實習諮商心理師與安全依附個案建立諮商關係及諮商工作順利; (2)逃避依附風格實習諮商心理師與逃避依附個案建立諮商關係需要一段時間，一開始的諮商工作較難深入核心議題，隨著彼此信任諮商關係而有進展; (3)逃避依附風格實習諮商心理師與焦慮依附個案建立諮商關係需要一段時間，逃避依附風格實習諮商心理師逃避諮商工作，進展難以往前推進、另一位逃避依附風格實習諮商心理師與焦慮依附個案建立諮商關係初期較快，中期視焦慮依附個案的情緒而影響諮商關係，諮商工作會隨著諮商目標明朗而有進展; (4)逃避依附風格實習諮商心理師的正向同理心展現在安全依附個案及逃避依附個案，逃避依附風格實習諮商心理師的正向情感同理面對逃避依附個案展現幅度最大; (5)逃避依附風格實習諮商心理師的負向同理心展現在逃避依附個案及焦慮依附個案。結論與建議：逃避依附風格實習諮商心理師透過專業督導及諮商心理師，自我覺察自己及個案的人際依附風格及諮商關係，產生正向的同理心歷程。後續研究建議研究參與者提供一致的依附風格個案觀察同理心歷程，也可以蒐集焦慮依附風格的全職實習諮商心理師及有實務工作年資的諮商心理師，以延伸探討。

關鍵字

依附風格；自我覺察；諮商關係；同理心

並列摘要

Introduction: Counseling trainees of insecure attachment style meet client of various attachment styles, resulting in different counseling relationships, which affect the counseling trainees empathy display. Therefore, counseling trainees have self-awareness of attachment style with myself and clients, and establish a secure attachment counseling relationship with clients, which helps clients feel empathy. In the interpersonal attachment style scale of this researcher, the score of secure attachment is two to three points higher than insecure attachment. The researcher's interpersonal attachment style in the face of family and friends is secure attachment style, and in the face of intimate relationships is avoidant attachment style. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand the counseling relationship and empathy of insecure attachment style counseling trainees between of secure and insecure attachment style clients. Methods: This current study adopted a qualitative method, and the data of the research participants were collected with the Qing-fu WANG (1997) Relationship Style Questionnaire and Qing-fu WANG (2000) Auxiliary Sorting Self-Assessment of Interpersonal Attachment Style Types. Then, the empathy semi-structured interview method is used to focus on the empathy process of the research participants in the counseling relationship, and finally the stories of the research participants by text analysis. Results: The findings were inducted from the interview data base on the research questions, (1) The counseling trainees with the avoidant attachment style establishes counseling relationship and counseling work is smooth in the safe attachment clients; (2) It takes a period of time for the intern counseling trainees with the avoidant attachment style to establish a counseling relationship in clients with the avoidant attachment style. It’s difficult to penetrate into the core issues in the counseling work, along with progressing made about mutual trust in the counseling relationship; (3) It takes a period of time for the intern counseling trainees with the avoidant attachment style to establish a counseling relationship in clients with the anxious attachment style. The counseling trainees escape the counseling work, and the progress is difficult to move forward. Another avoidant attachment style with counseling trainees establishes a counseling relationship in client with anxious attachment style. In medium term, the counseling relationship is affected by the mood of the clients with anxious attachment style. The counseling work will progress with the clarity of the counseling goals; (4) The positive empathy of counseling trainees with avoidant attachment style is manifested in secure attachment client and avoidant attachment client, and positive emotional empathy of counseling trainees showed the greatest extent in the face of avoidant attachment client; (5) The negative empathy of counseling trainees with avoidant attachment style is manifested in avoidant attachment client and anxious attachment client. Conclusion and suggestion: The counseling trainees with avoidant attachment style Intern through professional supervision and counseling psychologist, self-awareness of own and the client's interpersonal attachment style and counseling relationship, in resulting positive empathy process. The follow-up studies suggest that research participants provide consistent attachment style client with observe the empathy, and can also collect counseling trainees with anxious attachment style and counseling psychologist with practical experience for the further research.