都市更新過程中利益衝突之研究

台灣位於歐亞板塊與菲律賓海板塊交界之處，因此地震發生頻率高，導致災難頻傳。台灣於九二一大地震之前興建的房子，耐震設計明顯不足，如果發生6.3級以上的地震，根據國家地震中心分析，單單台北市就會倒塌四千棟房子，將是台灣無法想像的災害，因此安全考量的必要性，是促使台灣都市更新發生的原因之一。此外透過都市更新，可以讓功能衰退、環境雜亂之老舊都市重生，藉此提升都市整體的生活與機能，讓整個城市的美麗再進化。另一方面，老舊房屋的重建，更是在保障原居住者權益之前提下，有效增加市中心房屋供給之方法，可讓公共利益整體提升，因此都市發展考量之必要性也是促成都市更新發生的原因之一。但近年來台灣實施都市更新的效率與效果並不顯著，事業計畫雖然有數百件核定進行實施，但都市更新推動上成效仍然是相當有限。台灣都市更新分成公辦與私辦都市更新兩個種類，本文將會針對此兩種類之都市更新過程中，面臨到公共利益與私人利益拉扯下，衝突之因應方法探討與研究。本研究將以台灣近年來最具爭議之都市更新案例做個案研究，且以正義國宅、華光社區、文林苑、永春社區為例，以相關之利害關係人(政府、建商、地主)，衡量各方或倆倆雙方，甚至是三方之需求，做各種不同的比對以及分析。除此之外，藉由訪談政府、建商、地主，三方利害關係人，對於各方意見做出統整，並且分析。最後，整合正義國宅、華光社區、文林苑、永春社區四者，加上訪談之內容，做出研究結論，政府方必須制定與修正都市更新條例之缺失，建商方則必須秉持著公平公正公開之原則對待每一位都市更新中利害關係人，最後地主方則也應參與每一次的公聽會才得以表達訴求，並藉由以上結論引導下，給予都市更新實質研究建議。

關鍵字

都市更新；公共利益；衝突理論；衝突因應策略

並列摘要

The efficiency and effectiveness of urban renewal in Taiwan has not been significant developed in recent years. Although hundreds of business plans have been approved to implement, the effectiveness of urban renewal development is still quite limited. According to the law, Taiwan’s urban renewal is divided into two categories: public and private urban renewal. This paper aimed to explore the public interest and private interests in the process of urban renewal in these two categories, and explore the methods of conflict response. The data in this paper was from Taiwan's most controversial urban renewal cases in recent years including the case of Justice State House, Huaguang Community, Wenlin Court, Yongchun Community. Through the analysis of related stakeholders (government, construction, landlord), the author identified the needs of each party, both parties, and even the three parties, to do various comparisons and analysis. In addition, by interviewing the government officers, construction mamagers, landlord, and tripartite stakeholders, an overall analysis and analysis of the opinions of all parties was made. Finally, based on the data integration of the National House of Justice, Huaguang Community, Wenlin Court, and Yongchun Community. Government, construction and landlords are required to abide by the law and maintain fairness, fairness and openness. the author concluded and suggestions to the practice and future research were also proposed.