日本福島核電廠災變的處理制度與作為：兼論對臺啟示

2011年的福島核災發生後，不僅日本，甚至世界各國又開始關注核能安全議題，重新檢視自己國家的核安管制、核電廠安全是否有需要再改進之處，當然，這些議題從那時起也再一次開始受到我國民眾的高度關注，為了解答民眾對核安之疑慮，我國政府便在福島核災後下令對國內所有核電廠進行總體檢，確保其符合各項安全標準。　　日本在這起事故過後，也著手檢討其核能安全，不僅對核能監管機關實施改組，實現核能「管制與利用分離」以及「管制一元化」的目標，也透過提升監管組織的作業透明度，讓大眾一起監督核能安全，另外，日本也設立許多核安規範，諸如反應爐運轉最久不可超過60年、強化對各種重大事故的因應等，期望藉由前述各項改革，提升日本的核能安全。

關鍵字

核電廠災害；日本福島核災；核災處理制度

並列摘要

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster in 2011, Japan as well as all the other countries around the world started to focus back on nuclear security again, reexamining nuclear security control and safety of nuclear power plants. It goes without saying that ever since the incident, issues mentioned above have attracted a massive attention among Taiwan society. In order to answer people’s questions about the nuclear security and to make sure all nuclear power plants meet new safety standards, Taiwan government commanded all nuclear power plants to be checked again immediately after Fukushima disaster. Japan, on the other hand, has started to recheck their nuclear power plants and nuclear security control after the disaster as well. With goals of “separating nuclear control and the use of nuclear” and “centralized management on nuclear,” agencies concerned were reorganized, hoping to increase the transparency of nuclear security control system. In addition, Japan has also set several regulations regarding nuclear safety. Such regulations ask the operation time of a nuclear reactor should be less than 60 years and call for better countermeasures when facing major breakdown.