我國推動大學儲備軍官訓練團政策發展之分析

本研究旨在分析我國大學儲備軍官訓練團的政策與執行現況，以Fischer的「政策審議邏輯」作為分析架構，區分經驗資料的評估及政策目標的規範性價值等兩個層次，以及屬於第一個層次的成果驗證（outcomes verification）和指標確認（objectives verification）及屬於第二層次的目的辯護（goals vindication）和價值選擇（value choice）等四個階段。研究內容初以文獻研究法來分析我國現行兵役制度下大學儲備軍官訓練團制度理念基礎與政策分析架構，建構計有國家化、功能化（專業化）、平等化（平均化與平允化）、效益化及彈性化等五大原則與指標；繼以針對12位熟悉ROTC事務人員實施深度訪談，並經綜整後得知，高度符合的計有「彈性化」乙項、原則上符合的計有「軍隊國家化」、「平等化」、「效益化」及「政策目的辯護」等四項，另在「功能化（專業化）」係屬未符合之項目。接續以比較分析法針對我國第一次與第二次比較、我國與美國比較及我國與中共比較等3個面向，在我國內部的比較部分區分整體環境、甄選條件、限制因素等三部分，而在與美國ROTC及與中共國防生的比較則區分歷史淵源、組織架構、來源獲得、訓練課程及分發運用等五個部分，並依相關比較項目研提建議事項。依據研究目的與研究發現，獲致相關研究結論如下：壹、「大學儲備軍官訓練團」政策理念源起於美國，我國為擴大初階軍官來源而引進運用貳、我國「大學儲備軍官訓練團」於民國87年首度採用94年停招，後因兵役制度改變而再次興起參、「大學儲備軍官訓練團」政策應符合「軍隊國家化」、「功能化（專業化）」、「平等化」、「效益化」及「彈性化」等五項政策理念肆、相關政策理念乙項高度符合、三項原則上符合及乙項未符合伍、「大學儲備軍官訓練團」在招訓數量部分已達預期目標陸、「大學儲備軍官訓練團」在訓練品質部分仍有精進空間柒、民間大學（專）、高中職配合政策推行部分已初見成效捌、相關建議事項區分比較所得及訪談所得等兩部分最後根據比較所得多元學費補助、學歷差異任官、建置專責組織、強化交流互動、嚴格考核汰除及彈性服役方式等六項建議事項及訪談所得政策持恆與穩定、增編行政組織與人力、改善軍事課程、提升學員素質及畢業分發派職等五項建議事項；相關建議事項可供我國執行ROTC政策的有關單位參考運用。

關鍵字

大學儲備軍官訓練團；國防生；兵役制度；政策分析

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to analysis the policy and current implementation status of the Reserve Officer Training Corps. Fischer’s logic of policy deliberation is adapted to be the analysis framework. The evaluation of empirical data is belonging to first level of the framework mainly focus on the outcome’s verification and objectives verification. The goal of policy’s normative value is belonging to second level of the framework mainly focus on goals vindication and value choice. After the document’s analysis of concept foundation and policy framework of ROTC under the current military service system in Taiwan, this included five principles and indications summarized in the study such as:(a) Nationalization of military, (b) Profession, (c)Equality, (d)Efficiency and (e)Flexibility. There are three outcomes of in-depth interview with twelves interviewees who are familiar with the ROTC. First, “Flexibility” is highly positive. Second, “Nationalization of military”,” Equality”,” Efficiency” &” goals vindication” are positive. Third,” Profession” is negative. Over all situation, Selection conditions & Limiting factors are three dimensions after the comparative analysis of ROTC implementation in Taiwan between 1st and 2nd time. Historic origins, organization framework, source acquisition, training course and Distribution & application are five dimensions after the comparative analysis of ROTC implementation both between Taiwan & U.S. and Taiwan & Mainland China. Based on the study purpose and study finding, the study conclusions as listed below: 1.The policy concepts of ROTC originate from America. In order to expand the source of military officer, ROTC is adopted in Taiwan. 2.ROTC originally is adopted in 1997 and suspended in 2004. For the reason of changing military service system, ROTC is adopted once again in 2008. 3.ROTC should follow the indications of policy, such as Nationalization of military, Profession, Equality, Efficiency and Flexibility. 4.One indication is highly positive. Three indications are positive. One indication is negative. 5.The recruit quantity of ROTC is goal achieved. 6. The traning quality of ROTC is still have room for improvement. 7. The part of cooperating from both University and High school obstain initial effect. 8.Suggestions come from both “comparative analysis” and “in-depth interview”. Suggestions come from comparative analysis are “diversity of fee supplement”,” commission according degree difference”,” found a dedicated organization”,” Strengthen exchange and interaction”,” close inspection & elimination” and “optional service program”. Suggestions come from in-depth interview are “policy stability”,” found organization with staff”,” modify military courses”,” improve the quality of trainee” and” distribution process”. These suggestions are valuable for relevant units.