共軍無人飛行載具(UAV)發展之探討

綜觀世界各國，當前「無人飛行載具」用途極為廣泛且運用彈性大，相較於有載人機種，其產製及維護成本更為低廉，滯空時間更長，機動性更大等特點外，一位訓練合格的飛行員養成成本高昂且耗時，而「無人」之設計更可避免飛行員傷亡。無人飛行載具先後經過了無人靶機、指令遙控無人偵察機、預編行程控制無人偵察機、複合控制多用途無人機的發展過程，形成了龐大的軍用無人機家族，在戰爭中扮演空中堅兵的角色，開創了無人載具研發與運用的新時代。共軍也將無人飛行載具列為「非對稱作戰能力」重點發展裝備，將其定位於未來局部戰爭中「點穴戰必須具備的核心武器」。積極循外購、仿製、自力研改等方向，陸續進行無人飛行載具研發、產製及運用，並建立無人飛行載具部隊，藉由低價競爭策略搶奪第三世界國家無人飛行載具市場。未來戰爭集中體現為核威攝下的信息化戰爭，戰爭型態將表現為包括信息力、火力、機動力、防護力和保障力在內的整個武器裝備體系的攻防對抗，戰場將更加透明，作戰決策行動更接近實時，不接觸的精確攻擊正成為現實，無人作戰將部分取代有人作戰功能，協同作戰與體系對抗將更強。

關鍵字

共軍；無人飛行載具；無人飛行系統；無人機； UAV

並列摘要

Modern Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are resiliently utilized in variety of ways all over the world. In comparison with manned vehicles, UAVs feature characteristics such as lower cost of maintenance, longer length of time, and higher mobility. In addition to these characteristics, the “unmanned design” could avoid casualties of qualified pilots due to their high-costing and time-consuming training process. Looking into the history, UAVs have progressed from drone craft, commanded surveillance UAVs, pre-programmed surveillance UAVs into multiapproach UAVs. This progress forms a huge family of military UAVs - a strong role in combat of air - and creates a new era of researching and developing UAVs. In the meantime, PLA has listed UAVs as one of their highlighted developing equipment in “asymmetric combating capabilities” and positioned they as “must-have core weapon of Acupuncture Warfare” in regional war of future. By targeting on buying, imitating and self-producing, PLA continually conducts studying, producing, and utilizing of UAVs in order to create UAVs troop and to scramble UAVs markets of the Third World by Price reduction competition. The presence of future wars is information warfare under the threaten of nuclear. Forms of war will be presented as various of capabilities such as information, firing, mobility, protection and security within attack and defense of overall weapon/equipment system. In this scenario, decision-making will be more live-time and no-contacting precisive attacks will become reality. Unmanned operations will partly be in replace of manned operation and joint operation system will be strengthened.