大眾運輸不方便地區高齡者之新式運輸服務偏好分析

隨著全球人口的老化趨勢，我國也面臨著高齡化的挑戰。根據過往的研究顯示當大眾運輸服務充足時，高齡者會傾向使用公車/客運車等大眾運輸服務。然而在大眾運輸服務不足時，高齡者僅能使用私人運具外出。本研究旨在探討我國高齡化社會下大眾運輸不方便地區的高齡者所面臨的運輸服務不足問題，透過提出一種即戶服務且為彈性預約的新式運輸服務(DRTS)，以了解高齡者對於這種新式運輸服務之想法與接受度，作為後續推行新式運輸服務之鋪墊。為初步了解高齡者就醫方式及對於新式運輸服務的想法與接受度，本研究首先透過舉辦焦點團體討論，與調查地區的高齡者討論相關議題及初步介紹新式運輸服務。而透過焦點團體討論可知高齡者就醫地點、就醫使用運具及對於新式運輸服務之想法及可接受的價格。對於調查地區高齡者的就醫行為及對於新式運輸服務的想法有初步的了解後，本研究進一步設計問卷以了解高齡者的新式運輸服務之想法及運具選擇之影響因素。本研究於問卷調查時，首先介紹新式運輸服務，並詢問高齡者重視那些新式運輸服務特性、搭乘意願、願付價格及願意搭乘之旅次目的。而詢問運具選擇偏好時，係採用敘述性偏好法，透過讓高齡者設想在前往就醫且有不同公共運輸服務及新式運輸服務可選擇的情境下，將會選擇的運輸服務。研究結果發現高齡者重視的新式運輸服務前四項依序為「可自行指定上下車地點，例如自家門口」、「可用電話預約，有專人接聽」、「彈性班次，可依您需要的時間安排服務」及「使用低地板公車，方便上下車」;願付價格之線性迴歸模式發現當高齡者有腳移動力問題時，將願意付更多錢搭乘新式運輸服務;是否搭乘新式運輸服務之二元羅吉斯特迴歸模式發現影響高齡者選擇搭乘新式運輸服務就醫的因素包含年齡、離家最近客運站的步行時間及目前就醫運具是否為計程車;運具選擇之多項羅吉特模式發現影響高齡者運具選擇之因素為總花費費用及年齡。

關鍵字

大眾運輸服務不方便地區；焦點團體討論；敘述性偏好法；二元羅吉斯特迴歸模式；多項羅吉特模式

並列摘要

As the global population ages, Taiwan is also facing the challenge of an aging society. Previous research has shown that when public transportation services are adequate, the elderly tend to use buses/coaches and other public transportation services. However, when public transportation services are insufficient, the elderly can only use private transportation to go out. This study aims to explore the transportation problems faced by the elderly in areas where public transportation is inconvenient in Taiwan's aging society. Through proposing a new type of transportation service (DRTS) that provides on-demand and flexible reservation services, this study seeks to understand the elderly's thoughts and acceptance of this new transportation service as a foundation for subsequent implementation of new transportation services. To gain a preliminary understanding of the healthcare-seeking behavior of the elderly and their thoughts and acceptance of new transportation services, this study first held focus group discussions with elderly residents in the study area to discuss relevant issues and introduce the new transportation service. Through the focus group discussions, it was discovered that the elderly had preferences for healthcare-seeking locations and modes of transportation and had certain ideas and acceptable prices for new transportation services. After gaining a preliminary understanding of the medical behavior of older adults in the surveyed area and their thoughts on new transportation services, this study further designed a questionnaire to understand their ideas about new transportation services and the factors affecting their choice of transportation. During the questionnaire survey, new transportation services were first introduced, and older adults were asked about the new transportation service characteristics they valued, their willingness to use the services, the price they were willing to pay, and the purpose of their trip. When asking about their transportation preferences, the study used stated preference methods to let older adults imagine a situation where they could choose between different public transportation and new transportation services when going to the hospital. The study found that the top four new transportation service characteristics that older adults valued were the ability to specify pick-up and drop-off locations (such as their front door), phone reservations with a person to answer, flexible schedules that can be arranged according to their needs, and the use of low-floor buses for convenient boarding and alighting. The linear regression model for willingness to pay revealed that when older adults have mobility issues, they are willing to pay more to use new transportation services. The binary logistic regression model for whether to use new transportation services found that factors affecting older adults' choice to use new transportation services for medical purposes included age, walking time to the nearest bus station, and whether their current mode of transportation to the hospital is a taxi. The multinomial logit model for transportation choice found that the factors affecting older adults' choice of transportation were the total cost and age.