解構日本國家安全保障機制 — 以國家安全保障會議（ NSC ）為例

日本在 1945 年 8 月 14 日由天皇昭和玉音放送終戰詔書正式宣告投降，降書簽署後由美國為首的聯合國盟軍（Allied Powers）佔領日本，開啟了日本捨棄安全防衛力量的「主權缺失」「不正常化」國家現狀。戰後至今，從一度美日同盟漂流到美日同盟再強化，由傳統安全威脅到非傳統安全威脅，日本外交及國家安全政策機構及相關政策制定機制幾經波折；但1954年開始，國防會議或類似組織始終扮演著政府外交及情報政策的諮議性質機關角色，至今非但未消失且效力持續增強。安倍政府於 2006 年就嘗試成立國家安全保障會議，而 2015 年則是成功將「國家安全保障會議」正式入法賦予法定職權，由內閣總理大臣本人擔任主席的國家安全保障會議的改制，其背後因素除了因應區域安全危機外，更有應對傳統、非傳統安全威脅、整體區域安全、整體外交情勢分析等考量因素。 本文透過「歷史研究途徑」及「建構主義」來歸納從戰後日本關於國家安全保障會議的變遷及演進狀況。而透過此研究可發現，「國家安全保障會議」的改制標示著日本重新檢討戰後以來以和平憲法為中心的體制，以求因應現代化日本所面臨的國家安全議題以及全球局勢發展；而國家安全保障會議僅只是整體體制檢討改正的一小部，日本努力走向「正常化國家」的道路也將持續進行。

關鍵字

防衛大綱；安倍晉三；平和安全法制；安全保障會議；國防會議；國家安全保障會議；積極和平主義

並列摘要

After the “Jewel Voice Broadcasts” by Emperor Hirohito on August 14, 1945, and the later occupation by Allied Powers, a new era of “limited sovereignty” and “abnormal government” unfolds, following Japan’s complete withdrawal of its defence of security. As the day goes by, from post-war period to the present, shifts can be seen in the “Drifting Alliance” between the US and Japan later becoming a “Consolidated Alliance”, and also in the shift from traditional security threats to non-traditional security threats, the organisations and process of policies making of diplomatic and securities. From 1945, the National Defence Conference or related agencies played a consulting role on the issues of intelligence, security and foreign policy and the function strengthening with its legacy lasting till today. The first attempt to establish an NSC was during Shinzo Abe’s premiership in 2006. Later in 2015, he successfully passed the bill “Act of Establishment of NSC（国家安全保障会議設置法）”, and it came into force under the Prime Minister as chief of the conference. The legislation of NSC is not only because of the North Korea crisis, but as a response to both traditional and non-traditional security threats against Japan, and also to analyse the international situations as policies advisory. This article is based on the analysis and deconstructing of the NSC, to describe the policy and mechanism of Japan’s national security issues, and the role of Japan under the issues of regional security issues.

並列關鍵字

National Defence Policy ； Shinzō Abe ； Peace and Security Preservation Legislation ； Proactive Contribution to Peace ； National Security Conference ； Defence Conference

參考文獻

書籍類（中文）

Google Scholar

David, Charles-Philippe 著，王忠菊譯。2011，增訂第二版。《安全與戰略 — 戰爭與和平的現時代解決方案》（La Guerre et La Paix — Approches contemporaines de la sécurité et de la stratégie）。北京市：社會科學文獻出版社。