臺灣與新加坡新移民輔導措施之比較

1990年代後，臺灣以婚姻移民（又稱新移民或新住民，本論文通稱為新移民）的人數倍增。新移民繼原住民、本省籍、客家人、外省族群，已成臺灣第五大族群。為提升新移民家庭及其子女生活適應能力，政府不斷透過各種輔導方式協助新移民於入境後適應我國生活，教育部更於2014年公佈「12年國民基本教育課程綱要」，將東南亞新移民語文列為本國語文課程，作為國小必修與國中的選修課程。然此種關懷是否能讓新移民實際適應臺灣社會，是本文關心之課題。囿於我國歷史、政治因素影響，我國對於外國人、大陸地區人民及香港澳門居民皆以不同法律條文規範，因其權益散布在各種法規中，而其所接受的移民輔導是否一致？首先，本文先蒐集相關文獻，瞭解臺灣與新加坡移民的歷史，其次，探討臺灣與新加坡政府對新移民的輔導措施，再者，嘗試將兩者相關措施予以比較呈現，以暸解我國措施是否有得借鏡之處，以及有無探討修正之可能性。最後針對政策面向研提修正意見與具體建議，如提升移民署位階或設立常態性處理移民事務機構、重視移民參與意見，規劃新的移民福利計畫服務方案、及輔導對象以「社區」、「家庭」為單位，非僅針對新移民個人等，以作為我國日後研修移民政策之參考，建構以家庭為本、社區為重、國家為要、世界接軌的照顧藍圖。

關鍵字

新移民；移民輔導；移民署；入出國及移民法；臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例

並列摘要

After the 1990s, the number of marriage immigrants in Taiwan (also called new immigrants or new residents, commonly referred to as new immigrants in this study) increased. The new immigrants have become the fifth ethnic group in Taiwan following the natives, Hakka, and other ethnic groups. The government has continued to assist new immigrants to adapt to life after entering the country through various counselling methods. It is listed as a national language course as a compulsory course for elementary school and an optional course for junior high school. However, whether this kind of care can help new immigrants actually adapt to Taiwanese society is the subject of this article. Based on the immigrants’ rights and interests are scattered in various laws and regulations, are they receiving consistent immigration counseling? This article first collects relevant literature to understand the history of Taiwan and Singapore immigrants, then discusses the Taiwan and Singapore government's guidance measures for new immigrants, and tries to present the relevant measures of the two in a comparative way to understand whether our measures can be used for reference. And whether to discuss the possibility of amendments. Finally, I will propose amendments and specific suggestions to the policy, such as raising the level of the Immigration Department or establishing a normal handling of immigration affairs agencies, attaching importance to the opinions of immigrants, planning new immigration welfare service programs, and counseling. The object is "community" and "family" as the unit, not only for new immigrants, etc., as a reference for our future study of immigration policies.