昭和初期日本的對滿蒙政策 
– 以田中義一內閣時期張作霖之地位為中心 -

本論文以日本昭和初期田中義一內閣對中國東北奉系軍閥張作霖之態度及外交策略為中心，探討近代日本對滿蒙政策的變動與中國軍閥間交流的相互關係。明治末期，伴隨著日俄戰爭後的第三次日俄和談協定，日本帝國陸軍為首的大陸積極論者自此將滿州及東部內蒙古納入勢力範圍，並將「滿蒙特殊權益」的維持與擴大視為日本對中國外交的重點項目之一。同時陸軍軍人田中義一也逐步在1910年代間陸軍與內閣間對於滿蒙問題的交涉認知到政黨政治的趨勢,確立了以「政軍一體化」軍部內閣解決滿蒙問題歧見，達成總體戰國家的目標。另一方面，在袁世凱死後進入軍閥割據時代的中國大陸，實質掌控著滿蒙地區主權的張作霖逐漸成為日本重視的交流對象。自大正中期的原敬內閣開始，日本內閣政府便試圖透過對張的交涉確保滿蒙特殊權益。但由於幣原喜重郎外務大臣主張的對中不干涉政策引發的反彈，以及張作霖對日本的合作要求始終抱持消極的態度，自昭和初期，陸軍與關東軍等對滿蒙積極論者開始採取主動干涉的方式處理滿蒙問題相關之紛爭。 1927年田中義一擔任內閣總理大臣後，主張「滿蒙分離政策」來達成滿蒙特殊區域化，同時重視南方國民政府蔣介石的反共合作關係。但經過東方會議後，日本政軍各部門的對張作霖策略互相矛盾的狀況日益嚴重。最後由關東軍於1928年6月發生的張作霖爆殺事件，宣告了日張間合作關係的終結。田中外交路線也因此以失敗告終。

關鍵字

田中義一；張作霖；滿蒙；昭和；日中外交

並列摘要

This thesis focuses on the attitude and diplomatic strategy of Tanaka Giichi cabinet in the early Showa period in Japan toward Zhang Zuolin and the Fengtian clique of the northeastern China, and explores the relationship between the Manchuria policy alternations in modern Japan and the exchanges among Chinese warlords. At the end of the Meiji period, along with the third Russo-Japanese Agreement after the Russo-Japanese War, the mainland's ruling theorists led by the Japanese Imperial Army had incorporated Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia into the influence sphere, and had taken the maintenance and expansion of "Manchuria-Mongolia Special Interest" as one of Japan's key projects toward China's diplomacy. At the same time, the army soldier Tanaka Giichi recognized the trend of party politics by Manchuria and Mongolia issue negotiation between the Army and the Cabinet in the 1910s. He established a military cabinet to resolve the disagreement of Manchu-Mongolia issue with the "political and military integration" cabinet. Further, he achieved the goal of "Total War"country. On the other hand, the Chinese mainland entered the warlord era after the death of Yuan Shikai. Zhang Zuolin, who mastered the real power of Manchuria-Mongolia, gradually became the important communication object for Japan. Since the Hara Takashi cabinet of the Taisho period, the Japanese cabinet government has tried to ensure the Manchuria-Mongolia special interest through the negotiations with Zhang. However, due to the objection caused by the non-interference policy advocated by Shidehara Kijūrō, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Zhang Zuolin’s negative attitude towards Japan’s cooperation, the Army and the Kwantung Army, who belong to Positiveist, have begun to take active intervention towards the disputes related to Manchuria and Mongolia since the early days of the Showa era. After serving as the Prime Minister of the Cabinet in 1927, Tanaka Giichi advocated the "Manchu-Mongolia Separation Policy" to achieve special regionalization of Manchuria and Mongolia. Simultaneously, he attached importance to the cooperation of Anti-communism which proposed by Chiang Kai-shek, the Nationalist government. However, after the Eastern Conference, the contradictory situation toward Zhang Zuolin’s strategies between various departments of the Japanese political and military forces has gotten worse. Finally, Zhang Zuolin’s murder in June 1928 by the Kwantung Army declared the end of the cooperation between Japan and Zhang’s. The Tanaka diplomatic route also ended in failure.