某電力公司與承攬商員工職業災害及感電墜落安全認知研究

The study on occupational injury and safety awareness of electrification fall for a power company ＆ contractor workers

連源芳(Yuan-Fang Lien)

指導教授 ： 毛義方

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2014.00017

摘要

電力系統公司包含發電、輸電、變電、配電等四大系統，工作環境特殊，工程龐大，屬高危險性工作。本研究的目的在探討國內電力業員工與承攬商的職業災害及安全認知研究。
本研究以中部地區某電力公司與承攬商配電作業人員為主要研究對象，分析2003年~2012年的26,000名員工與承攬商16,000名發生的工作傷害，歸納成八大項，進行統計分析；並以其中150人為受訪對象，進行感電與墜落安全認知問卷調查。
研究結果顯示該電力公司在10年間重大職業災害共139件，死亡14人(平均年死亡率1.4人/年)；而承攬商共有164件，死亡人數82人(平均年死亡率8.2人/年)，其職災死亡千人率為電力公司員工的9.5倍。電力公司員工職業災害類型主要以墜落(21.43%)、與高低溫或有害物接觸(19.48%)、感電(14.93%)所佔比例最高；承攬商員工職業災害類型主要以感電(20.43%)、與高低溫或有害物接觸(17.12%)、墜落(14.92%)所佔比例最高。
本研究作業人員安全認知方面，以問卷調查方式進行，國內配電工程作業人員為受訪對象，問卷內容包括基本資料及公司安全管理現況等。研究顯示，部分承攬商員工對於安全認知仍不足，常導致不安全行為發生。該電力公司及其承攬商員工工作安全危害認知情形31項中，多達16項(51.6%)有顯著差異；現場工作安全現況15項中，多達7項(46.7%)有顯著差異；公司安全管理現況情形13項中，多達5項(38.5%)有顯著差異。其中，高架作業遇有墜落危險時應立即停止作業p＜0.05，及配電線路停電後不必再用檢電筆檢電即可作業p＜0.01，電力公司員工與承攬商員工之間有顯著差異。
研究建議提升承攬商員工工作安全認知能力及加強安全衛生教育訓練。電力公司員工和承攬商要建立良好工作習慣，確實使用個人防護具及遵守標準作業流程，且將高風險作業採現場實際案例說明宣導，以提高危害認知意識，降低職業災害發生。

關鍵字

電力公司員工 ； 承攬商 ； 職業災害 ； 感電 ； 墜落 ； 事故分析 ； 安全認知

並列摘要

Power system company includes electricity generation, transmission, substation and distribution. It is a high-risk and back-breaking work for the special working environment. The safety awareness and occupational injury of the workers of internal power company and its contractors was investigated in this study.

The study was focused on the electricity distribution workers of a power company and its contractors of Taiwan. The data of occupational injury was collected from 2003 to 2012, 26,000 of a power company and 16,000 of its contractors, divided into eight categories, and statistically analyzed. The safety awareness of electrification and fall of 150 workers were analyzed by questionnaire survey.

There were 139 major occupational injuries and 14 fatalities of the power company (1.4 death per year); meanwhile, 164 and 82 of its contractors (8.2 death per year) within recent ten years. The rate of occupational injury per thousand contractors’ workers was 9.5 times more than that of the power company. The major occupational injury of the power company were fall (21.43%), contact with high or low temperature or harmful materials (19.48%), and electrification (14.93%); meanwhile, electrification (20.43%), contact with high or low temperature or harmful materials (17.12%), and fall (14.92%) of contractors.

The safety awareness of internal electricity distribution workers was analyzed by questionnaire survey which included personal basic data and the conditions of safety management in the company. The results showed that insufficient safety awareness of a few contractors’ workers often caused unsafe behavior, 16 out of 31 (51.6%) of the items “safety and harzard awareness” questionnaires for the power company and contractors were singnificant difference; 7 out of 15 (46.7%) “safety in practical work” were singnificant difference; and 5 out of 13 (38.5%) “safety management of the company” were singnificant difference. Among them, cease operation immediately when there is fall hazard under elevated operations (p<0.05), and operate directly without the need of voltage detection test after power outages of electronic wire (p<0.01).

We suggest that improve the safety awareness of contractors’ workers by enhancing safety and health education, training and acitivity. The workers of the power company and its contractors should establish good working behavior, properly utilize personal protective equipment and follow the standard operating procedure. The training of high-risk operation is suggested to be conducted in field to improve the hazard awareness and decrease the occupational injury.

並列關鍵字

power company workers ； contractors ； occupational injury ； electrification ； fall ； accident analysis ； safety awareness

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