高架作業墜落分析與配戴安全帶效用研究

The study on falling analysis and performance testing of full body harness in the high elevation tasks

李珮瑜(Pei-Yu Li)

指導教授 ： 林彥輝

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2012.00019

摘要

我國過去重大的職災資料顯示，大多數的重大職災都屬於營造業墜落職災。作業、環境、人為等各種因素都有可能引發營造業的墜落重大職災。深入瞭解職業意外事故發生的原因，是避免職業意外事故的基礎。因此本研究以行政院勞工委員會網站上所公佈之歷年重大職災案例報告為分析對象，選取民國90年至99年間之營造業墜落案例587件加以分析以及進行資料的編碼，由前項墜落因子分析所得結果，整理出最常發生之高架墜落類型，再由所得之結果進行高架作業墜落模擬實驗，以瞭解墜落發生時作業人員配戴安全帶之墜落姿勢變化與受力情形。
結果顯示，以開口部分(37.8%)發生墜落職災的件數最多，屋頂、屋架及樑(19.4%)次之。墜落因素部分，有高達九成的原因是不安全環境 (44.4%)和個人防護具不安全 ( 43.0%)。根據此分析結果本研究建構作業人員墜落時之可能作業姿勢與現場狀況，由假人墜落模擬實驗結果顯示，在進行模擬墜落時，假人的頭部最容易受到撞擊，使用繫身型安全帶比較容易發生旋轉情形。使用繫身型安全帶進行墜落模擬時，可發現假人在墜落時，身體會呈現大幅度的彎曲，這種瞬間的衝擊力可能會造成腰椎的損傷。實驗分析結果未來可提供與電腦模擬進行比較，以作為墜落電腦模擬參數設計之依據，也希望本研究結果可以作為擬定預防營造業發生墜落重大職災之參考。

關鍵字

營造業 ； 墜落 ； 安全帶 ； 假人模型

並列摘要

Post major disaster data show that the most significant occupational accidents are the result of falls, from the construction industry. Operations, environment, human and other factors, could lead to the high levels of fall fatalities within the construction industry. To avoid occupational accidents, insight into the reasons why the occupational accidents occurred must be obtained. In this study, published on the website of the Council of Labor Affairs over the years 2001 to 2010, involving 587 fatality case reports to be analyzed. This analysis involves: fall factor analysis of the results, simulation results from elevated operation falls, effect of wearing a seat belt and of the posture of the worker during the fall.
The results showed that, The opening part (37.8%) of the falling number of occupational accidents up to, Roof, roof trusses and beams (19.4%) followed. Part of the fall factor, Up to 90% of the reasons is unsafe environment (44.4%) and personal safety equipment unsafe (43.0%).
According to this analysis of the results of construction of the workers the fall may be the result of operating posture and site conditions. According to the Dummy model, the Dummy’s head is most vulnerable to the impact. The impact of the fall is lessened if the belt is easily rotated. Unfortunately, the effect of seat belts on the dummy show a significant bending; the impact of this force may result in lumbar spine injury. The experimental results were compared with the results from the computer simulation. The aim of the comparison between the Dummy model and computer simulation is to lessen the incidence of fatalities in the construction industry.

並列關鍵字

Construction industry ； Fall ； Seat belts ； Dummy model

參考文獻

[2] Chi C F, Chang T C and Hung K H.In-Depth Analysis and Prevention of Fatal Falls in Construction Industry.Journal of Occupational Safety and Health pp.383-400(2008).

[3]行政院勞工委員會，中華民國94年勞動統計年報，台北(2005).

[8]Hsien-Chung Ho, Yuh-When Liou, I-Chu Tsai. Physiological Responses to Harness Suspension, Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 17, 221-238(2009).

[12]行政院衛生署國民健康局，國民健康局年報，台北(2007).

[1] Chi C F, Chang T C and Hung K H. Significant industry-source of injury accident type for occupational fatalities in Taiwan. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics pp.77-91(2004).