正念介入於職場減重方案成效之先驅研究

A pilot study of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention as a workplace health promotion program on weight loss

黃芷君(Chih-Chuang Huang)

指導教授 ： 黃淑玲

中山醫學大學/醫學科技學院/心理學系暨臨床心理學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU201900274

摘要

熱量失衡是造成「體重過重（Overweight）及肥胖（Obesity）」之重要原因。體重過重及肥胖者相較健康體重者有較高食物渴求程度及過量飲食行為。正念（Mindfulness）（接納策略）為一種新興用於協助體重過重及肥胖者面對食物線索誘惑及管控體重之方案。
　　本研究採用隨機等組前後測設計。旨在了解正念介入與一般透過情緒管理及自我探索等心理介入方式對體重過重與肥胖者在減少食物渴求及減重之成效，以及探討正念程度在食物渴求程度對BMI值變化的影響間之調節作用。以有動機參與減重團體課程之體重過重（24≦BMI＜27）或肥胖（BMI≧27）的全職職場工作成人為研究對象，將符合條件者隨機分派至正念組（2次飲食營養教育課程加上正念介入課程6次，每次1.5小時）或一般心理組（2次飲食營養教育課程加上一般心理相關課程6次，每次1.5小時）。所有研究對象在介入前及後皆須測量體重與填寫食物渴求量表中文版及臺灣版五因素正念量表。
　　本研究分析樣本共59名，正念組30名，一般心理組29名。男性30名，女性29名，平均年齡為52.76歲。研究結果發現，正念組與一般心理組之BMI值及食物渴求程度皆顯著下降，但僅有正念組之正念程度在介入後較介入前顯著提升。正念變化程度、食物渴求變化程度及BMI值變化程度間則無顯著相關性。此外，本研究亦發現正念變化程度無法調節食物渴求變化程度對BMI值變化的影響。
　　由此可知，不論是以正念方式介入或是透過情緒管理及自我探索等方式介入都可以在介入期間降低食物渴求程度及BMI值。然介入前後正念變化程度、食物渴求變化程度及減重成效三者間更細緻關係與彼此之間的影響尚需未來繼續研究。

關鍵字

正念 ； 食物渴求 ； 身體質量指數 ； 體重過重 ； 肥胖

並列摘要

Calorie imbalance is an important cause of overweight and obesity. People who are overweight and obese have higher food cravings and excessive eating behavior than healthy ones. Mindfulness-based intervention is an emerging program used to help overweight and obese people managing food temptations and body weight.
　　This study used a randomized longitudinal quasi-experimental research design with an equivalent control group. This study aimed to clarify the effects of mindfulness-based interventions and general emotional management group on reducing food cravings and weight loss in overweight and obese people, and to explore the moderating effect of mindfulness on the relationship between food craving and BMI. The full-time workers with over-weight (24≦BMI<27) or obesity (BMI≧27) were invited to participate in the study. The volunteered participants were randomly assigned to the mindfulness group (2 sessions of diet nutrition education and 6 sessions of mindfulness intervention, 1.5 hours each session) or general emotional management group (2 sessions of diet nutrition education and 6 sessions of emotional management courses, 1.5 hours each session). All subjects were requested to measure body weight and fill out the General Food Craving Questionnaire Trait Scale and Taiwan-The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Scale before and after the intervention.
　　A total of 59 samples were analyzed in this study, 30 in the mindfulness group and 29 in the general emotional management group. There were 30 males and 29 females, with average age of 52.76 years old. The results showed that the level of BMI and food craving level were significantly decreased in two groups. However, the level of mindfulness significantly increased only in the mindfulness group. There was no significant correlation between the level of change in mindfulness, the level of change in food cravings, and the level of change in BMI. In addition, this study also found that the level of change in mindfulness did not show moderating effect on the relationship between the changes of food cravings and changes of BMI levels.

It can be seen that whether intervened by mindfulness or through emotional management and self-exploration, the level of food craving and BMI can be reduced during the intervention. However, the more detailed relationship between the level of change in mindfulness, the level of change in food cravings and the effect of weight loss before and after intervention are still in need of further research in the future.

並列關鍵字

Mindfulness ； Food cravings ； Body Mass Index ； Overweight ； Obesity

參考文獻

石世明（譯）（民105）。八週正念練習：走出憂鬱與情緒風暴（原作者：Williams, M., Teasdale, J., & Zindel Segal, Z.）。臺北市：張老師文化。

行政院衛生福利部國民健康署（民91）。國人肥胖定義及處理原則出爐。資料引自http://www.doh.gov.tw。

行政院衛生福利部國民健康署（民97）。健康九九：國人肥胖標準的定義。資料引自http://health99.hpa.gov.tw/OnlinkHealth/BMI.html。

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行政院衛生福利部國民健康署性別平等會（民107）。國人過重及肥胖盛行率。資料引自https://www.gender.ey.gov.tw/gecdb/Stat_Statistics_DetailData.aspx?sn=%2FmQvpHYEayTTt8pmhMjRvA%3D%3D