長期照護機構照顧服務員復原力與工作壓力之相關研究

研究背景：照顧服務員於長照機構中，在照顧人力佔了很大的一部份。照顧服務員除了需要與其他專業照顧人員共事外，需要面對住民及家屬的情緒反應及種種的需求，承擔了很多的壓力，然而復原力是指個體在遇到壓力、挫折後，能夠從困境中快速恢復，成功適應的能力，如果可以進一步了解他們的復原力與工作壓力的關係，未來可以提供適切介入方案的推動，或許可以強化他們的心理健康與減輕工作壓力感，進而創造更優質的工作品質。研究目的：本研究旨在探討長期照顧機構照顧服務員復原力與工作壓力之相關性研究，並進一步了解照顧服務員人口學變項、復原力對其工作壓力的影響。研究方法：採橫斷式研究設計，並以結構式問卷進行資料之收集，以雲嘉南地區的21家長期照顧機構照顧服務人員為選樣對象，研究工具包含：人口學屬性資料、復原力量表、及工作壓力量表。研究執行時間為2022年5月至7月，共發出180份問卷，回收144份，有效回收率80%。所得資料以SPSS 22.0系統套裝軟體進行資料分析，統計方法為獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、相關分析、與多元迴歸分析。結果：144位照服員中的性別以「女性」居多，計118人（81.9%），平均年齡為46.78歲，教育程度方面以「大學以上」最多（30.6%），婚姻狀況方面以「已婚」最多，子女數以「2位」最多（37.5%），在宗教信仰方面，以「道教」最多（41.7%），工作總年資平均為7.59年，工作的班別以「兩班」居多（78.5%）。整體工作壓力，單題平均接近3分，表示照服員存在一定程度的壓力，但目前並未超過負荷；整體復原力，單題平均接近3分，表示受訪照服員自覺有正向的復原力表現。「整體復原力」與「整體工作壓力」的相關係數達顯著負相關（r = -.35，p < .001）。整體工作壓力之主要影響因子分別「班別」及「復原力」，「兩班 vs 三班」（β = .17，p = .034）的迴歸係數達顯著正值，復原力（β = -.369，p < .001）的迴歸係數達顯著負值，解釋力達15.9%。結論：本研究發現女性照服員的工作負荷壓力高於男性。照服員兩班制的工作負荷壓力高於三班制者。整體復原力與整體工作壓力的相關係數達顯著負相關，代表當照服員在整體復原力的表現越佳時，自身所感受到的整體工作壓力則會越低。整體工作壓力之主要影響因子，為班別及復原力，兩班制度的照服員相對三班制者在整體工作壓力的分數較高，復原力的表現越佳時，工作壓力則會越小。

關鍵字

長期照護機構；照顧服務員；工作壓力；復原力

並列摘要

Background: Nurses account for a large proportion of the care workforce in long-term care institutions. In addition to facing other professional caregivers, nurse aides also must bear the emotional reactions and different needs of residents' families; they receive significant pressure from various situations. They must have the ability to quickly recover from adversity and adapt successfully. If we can further understand the relationship between resilience and work stress, we can promote appropriate future intervention programs to strengthen mental health and reduce the sense of work stress, thereby creating better work quality. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between resilience and work stress of nurses in long-term care institutions and to further understand the impact of their demographic variables and resilience on work stress. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The sample was selected from nurse aides of 21 long-term care institutions in southern Taiwan. The research tools included a demographic questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Occupational Stress Scale. The study was conducted from May to July 2022. A total of 180 questionnaires were sent out; 144 were responses, with an effective response rate of 80%. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 system package software. The statistical analysis methods were the independent sample t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Of the 144 nurse aides, 118 (81.9%) were female, the mean age was 46.78 years, most have an educational level of "college or above" (30.6%), most are married, the greatest proportion have two children (37.5%) and believe in Daoism (41.7%). In addition, the participants’ average work experience was 7.59 years, and the two-shift system was the most common (78.5%). Overall work stress, the average single item, is close to three points, indicating that the nurse aides have a certain level of pressure, but it is not currently overloaded. For overall resilience, the single item average was close to three points, indicating that the nurse aides had a positive conscious attitude toward resilience performance. The correlation coefficient between "overall resilience" and "overall work stress" and work stress was significantly negative (r = -.35, p < .001). The main predictive factors for overall work stress were "two-shift" and "resilience." The regression coefficient of "two shifts vs three shifts" (β = .17, p = .034) reached a significant positive value, and resilience presents a significant negative value (β = - .369, p < .001), which indicates that these two variables have an explanatory power of 15.9% on work stress for nurse aides. Conclusion: This study found that female nurse aides had higher workload stress than male ones. The workload stress of attendants in the two-shift system was higher than that in the three-shift system. The correlation coefficient between overall resilience and overall work stress is significantly negative, which means that when attendants perform better in overall resilience, their overall work stress is lower. The main factors influencing overall work stress are shift and resilience. Nurse aides in the two-shift system had higher overall work-stress scores than those in the three-shift system. The better the resilience performance, the lower the work stress. .