機構照顧服務員之社會支持、賦權感知與工作壓力之相關研究

The Relationship between Social Support, Empowerment and Work Stress of Institution’s Nurse Aides

楊媛婷(YANG, YUAN TING)

指導教授 ： 朱僑麗

亞洲大學/健康學院/長期照護研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

動機與背景
人口的老化使得慢性病照顧的需求逐年增加，為因應龐大之入住機構老年人口，長期照顧相關機構始編制照顧服務員來輔助機構的人力需要。過去研究發現照顧服務員有工作壓力大與流動率高等問題，過大的工作壓力會產生人的身心和工作組織上負面影響。國內外研究發現，良好的社會支持與賦權的感知程度可減少工作壓力的負面影響。本研究目的旨在瞭解長期照護相關機構照顧服務員的社會支持、賦權感知與工作壓力等現況，並探討人口學特性和社會支持、賦權感知與工作壓力間的關係及其解釋力。期望透過此研究成果，可供機構管理者在人事管理上作為參考方向。
研究方法
本研究採橫斷式研究，立意取樣方式，針對中部地區長期照護相關機構之照顧服務員為研究對象，且經說明後同意參與本研究並簽署書面同意書。以問卷調查方式，共發出問卷338份，回收275份，有效問卷256份，有效問卷回收率76％。結構式研究工具分為基本資料、社會支持、賦權及工作壓力四部分，除基本資料外，皆採Likert五點量尺評分法。將回收之有效問卷進行資料編碼建檔與整理，再利用SPSS10.0統計軟體進行資料處理與分析。
研究結果
在校正其他影響因素之後，對工作壓力有顯著影響的因素依解釋力的強弱排列為：「國籍」、「賦權之所有權構面」、「教育程度」、「薪資」、「白班照顧住民數」與「機構服務資歷」。可知本國籍、專科學校以上教育程度、薪資15999元以下、照顧住民數9人以上、服務資歷4年以上者的工作壓力較高；賦權之所有權感受程度越低，工作壓力越高。
本研究首次將「賦權」感知程度用於探討照顧服務員的工作壓力，結果顯示賦權與工作壓力呈現負相關，可見賦權能幫助減輕工作壓力。期望未來機構能藉由訂立清楚的組織遠景，給予更多的決定權與自主，提升照顧服務員的賦權感受，除能減少工作壓力對組織的負向影響，亦能讓工作者達到自我實現的需求。
建議
研究者建議相關單位調整適當的照顧人數、建立合理的薪資與福利制度，期能減少工作上的壓力並提高工作持久性；提供照顧服務員處理壓力的因應措施，建立支持團體，增進彼此的情感，分享經驗，並從中得到支持，凝聚機構向心力。最後建議相關政府機關要建立完善的照顧服務員認證制度，期望完整的訓練計畫能減少進入工作職場時的工作壓力，增加對工作的控制感與確保機構照顧品質。

關鍵字

HASH(0x9490744)

並列摘要

Background
The aging of population makes the demand of chronic diseases care increase year by year, to deal with the hugely old population who live in institutions, long-term care organizations start to add nurse aides for assist with the organization manpower need. In the past study discovered that nurse aides have high work stress and high flow rate problem, the oversized work stress could make negative effects on human's health and working organizations. The researches from internal and foreign discover the good social support and high empowerment feels degree be possible to reduce the negative influence of working pressure. The goal of this research is for understanding the present situations of long-term care institutions’ nurse aides’ social support, empowerment and work stress, and discusses the relations and the explanation strength between the social support, empowerment and work stress. Expect to be suitable for organization's administrator as consulting the direction on personnel management through this research results.
Research method
This research adopts cross-sectional design, purposive sampling way, the object of study are nurse aides from midland long-term care institutions, and agree to participate in this research and sign the written letter of consent after proving. By the questionnaire survey way, altogether sent out 338 questionnaires, retrieved 275, 256 effective questionnaires and 75.7% recovery. Structured questionnaires are divided into four parts of basic information, the social support, empowerment and work stress, except basic information, all score by Likert 5-point scale. The retrieve effective questionnaire will carry on the material code to construct the files and the reorganization, and will carry on the data processing and the analysis by the SPSS10.0 statistics software.
Result of research
After correcting other influence factors, the influence factors of work stress arranged in power are 'nationality', 'ownership aspect of empowerment ', 'educational level', 'salary', 'the number of day shift care resident ' and 'work experience and qualifications'. May know this nationality (Taiwan & China), above the junior college education level, the salary below 15999 NTD, care more than 9 people and service qualifications more than 4 years whose work stress is high. The lower feeling degree of ownership of empowerment, will have higher stress.
This research was the first to treat about work stress of nurse aides by feeling degree of empowerment, the result shows that there are inverse correlation between empowerment and work stress, so may use empowerment to lighten work stress.
The expectation future the organization will be able to make the clear organization prospect, give more decision-making power and independent, to promote the feeling degree of empowerment of nurse aides, will reduce the negative influence of work stress to organization, also will be able to let the worker achieve the demand for self-realization.
Suggestion
The researcher suggested the correlation unit adjusts the suitable attendance staff; establish reasonable salary and welfare system, to expect can reduce work stress and enhances the work durability; provides nurse aides the answer measure about stress, establishes the support association, promotes emotion of each other, share experience and has the support, condenses the organization centripetal force Finally suggested the correlation governmental agency must establish the perfect prove system of nurse aides, expected the complete training plan can reduce the stress when get into the work, increases the control feeling of job and guarantees the organization attendance quality.

並列關鍵字

long-term care ； nurse aides ； social support ； empowerment ； work stress

參考文獻

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