工作壓力所帶來的身心健康問題對工作者、企業組織及社會成本皆造成不同層面的負向結果。而近年來,職場健康促進的推動是我國衛生福利部國民健康署的重點工作之一,致力於讓工作者擁有健康的工作及生活型態。因此,在工作壓力問題與職場健康促進兩大議題之下,本研究欲探討工作者的四大體適能指標(身體組成、肌肉適能、柔軟度、心肺適能)在工作壓力與職業倦怠關係中的調節效果,期待能更清楚掌握良好體適能對心理健康的作用機制。 本研究採用橫斷式研究方法,以中部一家製造業公司員工為對象,進行簡單隨機抽樣後,個別徵得同意參與研究。資料收集包含人口學資料、工作壓力、職業倦怠問卷調查,以及多項體適能檢測等。共回收396份有效問卷及體適能檢測表,以SPSS19.0版統計套裝軟體進行資料處理與統計分析。採用階層迴歸分析檢定工作壓力與職業倦怠之關係,並進一步以交互作用分析檢視多項體適能指標是否具調節作用。 研究結果顯示:(1)背肌耐力水平對心理負荷與職業倦怠之間的關係具調節效果,背肌耐力高的工作者較能緩衝心理負荷與職業倦怠之間的正向關係。(2)心肺適能水平對工作控制與職業倦怠之間的關係具調節效果,心肺適能高的工作者較能緩衝工作控制與職業倦怠之間的負向關係。最後,本研究依據研究結果提出多項討論與建議,期待能協助工作者緩衝因工作壓力造成的職業倦怠感受,也期待作為職場健康心理學未來研究之參考。
The purpose of the present study was to explore the moderating role of physical fitness on the relation between work stress and burnout among the workers in Taiwan. The indicators of physical fitness include body composition, muscular fitness, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance. This cross-sectional study using simple random sampling recruited the workers from a manufacturing company in central Taiwan. The participants were asked to complete demographic information, work stress and burnout questionnaires, and multiple physical fitness assessments. A total of 396 valid questionnaires and physical fitness assessment were collected. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 19.0 version. Separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to determine the moderating effect of each indicator of physical fitness on the relationship between work stress and burnout. Results of the regression analyses showed that the level of back muscle endurance moderated the relation between psychological demand and burnout. A higher level of back muscle endurance buffered the positive relationship between psychological demand and burnout. In addition, the level of cardiorespiratory endurance moderated the relation between job control and burnout. A higher level of cardiorespiratory endurance can attenuate the negative relationship between job control and burnout. In conclusion, some indicators of physical fitness can buffer the relation between work stress and burnout. Improving the level of physical fitness could be a useful strategy for workers with high work stress to decrease the level of burnout.