照顧失能老人之外籍照護移工口腔衛生知識與態度探討

研究目的：台灣外籍照顧人力逐年增加，不同的文化、衛生教育、生活習慣及醫療條件等因素可能影響外籍照護移工對於老人口腔照護。本研究目的旨在探討外籍照護移工照顧失能老人之口腔衛生知識、態度及相關影響因素。研究方法：本研究為橫斷式相關性研究，採立意取樣方式，以自擬口腔衛生知識、態度問卷，針對中台灣長期照護機構及家庭場域之印尼籍、越南籍照護移工為研究對象進行問卷調查，共收案143人。統計：描述性統計以百分比、平均數、標準差等，推論性統計使用獨立樣本t檢定(Independent sample t-test)、單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)、皮爾森相關(Pearson Correlation)、多元迴歸分析(Multiple Regression)等進行統計分析，以瞭解其差異、相關性及預測情形。研究結果：(1)口腔衛生知識總分為27分(M= 17.50, SD = 2.53)；在口腔衛生態度方面，九成外籍照護移工不會因為工作忙碌而忽略老人口腔照護，且認同老人口腔衛生的重要性及對於健康的影響。(2)教育程度、工作場域及自覺口腔狀況與口腔衛生知識有顯著差異；婚姻狀況、教育程度對於口腔衛生態度有顯著差異。(3)本次照顧年資、口腔教育課程次數與口腔衛生知識有顯著正相關；過去照護年資、本次照顧年資及自覺被照顧老人在接受口腔護理配合度與口腔衛生態度有正相關；口腔衛生知識與態度兩者之間有正相關。(4)工作場域(β = .37, p < .01)及教育程度(β = .16, p < .05)對於口腔衛生知識具有解釋力；教育程度(β = .25, p < .01)及婚姻狀況(β = -.17, p < .05)對於口腔衛生態度具有預測力。研究結論：本研究結果顯示外籍照護移工的口腔衛生知識、態度仍有進步空間，尤其家庭場域外籍照護移工缺乏持續教育訓練的管道更是一大隱憂，期望未來長照體系管理者加強相關職業訓練，以提升外籍照護移工之知識與能力，進而促進照護品質。

關鍵字

失能老人；外籍照護移工；口腔衛生知識；口腔衛生態度

並列摘要

Objective: Currently, Taiwan’s long-term care employees are mainly from Southeast Asian countries, especially from Indonesian accounted for the largest number, Vietnamese accounted for the secondary number. Different cultures, health education, living habits and medical conditions and various factors may affect knowledge and attitude on oral care for the elderly. This study aims to explore the oral hygiene knowledge, attitudes and related influencing factors of foreign care workers. Research Methods: This study used a cross-sectional correlational research design. 143 Indonesian care workers and Vietnamese care workers were recruited by oral hygiene knowledge and attitude questionnaires. Statistical methods: Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, and Standard deviation, as well as inferential statistical methods such as independent sample t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: (1) Poor oral hygiene knowledge on foreign cargivers. Oral hygiene attitude is passable but can be affected by cooperation of the elderly. (2) Education, workplace and personal oral condition were found to be significantly with oral hygiene knowledge. Marriage and education were found to be significantly with oral hygiene attitute. (3) “Work period of this time” and “frequency of oral education” were found to be significantly correlated with oral hygiene knowledge. “Year of past working experience”, “work period of this time” and “cooperation of the elderly” were found to be significantly correlated with oral hygiene attitude. Oral knowledge was found to be significantly correlated with oral hygiene attitude (r = .174, p < .05). (4) Oral hygiene knowledge can be explained by workplace (β = .37, p < .01) and education (β = .16, p < .05). Oral hygiene attitudes also can be explained by education (β = .25, p < .01) and marriage (β = -.17, p < .05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that oral hygiene knowledge and attitudes of foreign care workers must be improved. The results of the study can be a reference for future care workers training courses design to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and promote the quality of care.