大學生憂鬱傾向與營養攝取及睡眠品質之相關研究

本研究主要為探討憂鬱傾向與營養攝取、體位、身體活動量及睡眠品質之關係。調查對象為中部某醫學大學一至四年級學生，以隨機抽樣班級並至課堂中進行施測，共有459名學生參與此研究，採不記名自填式問卷。問卷內容包括：A. 學生基本資料（性別、年級、身高、體重）；B. 流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表（CES-D）；C. 匹茲堡睡眠品質量表（PSQI）；D. 半定量飲食頻率問卷（SQFFQ）；E. 24小時飲食回憶紀錄（24HDR）。研究結果顯示：（1）整體受試學生流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表（CES-D）平均為15.08±9.59分，憂鬱傾向比例約42.9%（CES-D積分≥16）。（2）男性有憂鬱傾向比例顯著高於女性（50.4% v.s 39.7%）。（3）用餐習慣方面，有憂鬱傾向組（CES-D積分≥16）早餐攝取顯著不規律（很少，0~2天/週）且點心攝取較頻繁（總是，6~7天/週）情形。（4）飲食頻率方面，有憂鬱傾向組攝取點心類、油炸類及加工食品類比例顯著較高。（5）有憂鬱傾向組點心熱量及醣類攝取量顯著高於無憂鬱傾向組。（6）本研究將蔬菜、水果攝取量分為有蔬菜、水果攝取及完全無蔬菜、水果攝取進行觀察，結果顯示有攝取蔬菜、水果組其憂鬱分數顯著較低。（7）體位部分雖未達顯著差異，但可觀察到有憂鬱傾向組體位正常比例較無憂鬱傾向組低。（8）身體活動量部分，有憂鬱傾向組在低活動量組（<150分鐘/週）比例顯著較無憂鬱傾向組高（46.6% v.s 37.1%）。（9）睡眠部分，有憂鬱傾向組睡眠品質較差；睡眠品質差組（PSQI>5）的憂鬱傾向分數及憂鬱傾向比例均顯著高於睡眠品質佳組（PSQI≦5）；且有憂鬱傾向組的睡眠時數顯著少於無憂鬱傾向組。（10）有關憂鬱傾向與各變項之相關性，分析顯示憂鬱傾向與點心攝取頻率、點心零食類、含糖飲料類、加工食品類及油炸類攝取頻率、匹茲堡睡眠品質量表分數呈顯著正相關；而與身體活動量、早餐攝取頻率、水果攝取量及睡眠時數呈顯著負相關。本研究結果顯示憂鬱不僅造成心理問題，且可能導致不良的飲食型態和生活習慣，進而增加罹患慢性病的風險。

關鍵字

憂鬱傾向；營養攝取；大學生；身體活動量；睡眠品質

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between depressed tendency and dietary intake, body mass index, physical activity and sleep quality in university students. A total number of 459 grade one to four university students participated in the study which were randomly selected by classes in a university in central Taiwan. The anonymous self-report questionnaire with five sections was used, including A. Demographic information；B. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D)；C. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)；D. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ)；E. 24-hour dietary recall (24HDR) . The results showed：(1) The mean CES-D score of the participants is 15.08±9.59, the rate of self-reported depressed tendency in this study was 42.9% ( CES-D score ≧ 16 ). (2) The rate of depressed tendency in male was significantly higher than it in female (50.4% v.s 39.7%). (3) Regarding the habit of meal, the frequency of breakfast in depressed tendency group (DTG) was significantly more irregular (rarely, 0-2 days / week) than it in non-depressed tendency group (NDTG). Also, the frequency of snack was significantly higher (always, 6-7 days/week) in DTG than it in NDTG. (4) The frequencyies of eating snacks, fried foods and processed foods in DTG were significantly higher than them in NDTG. (5) The calorie and carbohydrate intake of snack in DTG were significantly higher than them in NDTG. (6) The participants were divided into vegetable/fruit intake group and non-vegetable/fruit intake group in order to compare the CES-D score between these two groups, the analyisis showed that the CES-D score in vegetable/fruit intake group was significantly lower than it in non-vegetable/fruit intake group. (7) The percentage of normal weight in DTG was slightly lower than it in NDTG, however no statistically significant difference was found between two groups. (8) As for physical activity, the rate of low physical activity group (physical activity time < 150 min/week) in DTG was significantly higher than it in NDTG (46.6% v.s 37.1%). (9) Regarding sleeping, sleep quality in DTG was significantly worse than it in NDGT. In addition, CES-D score and the rate of individuals with depressed tendency in poor sleepers（PSQI＞5）were both significantly higher than them in good sleepers（PSQI≦5. Moreover, the hours of sleep in DTG was significantly less than it in NDTG. (10) For the correlations between depressed tendency and other variables, the depressed tendency showed significantly positive correlations with the frequencies of snacks, sweetened beverages, processed and fried foods intake and socre of PSQI; and negative correlations with physical activity, the frequencies of breakfast and fruits intake and sleeping hours. The results from this study showed that depression not only causes psychological disorders but also inappropriate dietary patterns and life styles which may increase the risk of chronic diseases.