大學生情緒穩定性與憂鬱傾向、營養攝取及病態飲食傾向之相關研究

本研究目的主要為探討情緒穩定性與憂鬱傾向、睡眠品質、營養攝取、體位、體型意識及病態飲食傾向之關係。調查對象為中部某醫學大學一至四年級學生，採不記名自填問卷型式，隨機抽測班級並於課堂中進行施測，共有463名學生參與此研究。問卷內容包括：A.基本背景資料；B.餐次攝取頻率；C.SCOFF（Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food; SCOFF）問卷；D.國際人格題庫（International Personality Item Pool, IPIP-50）繁體中文版－情緒穩定性向度10題；E.流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表（CES-D）；F.匹茲堡睡眠品質量表（PSQI）；G.半定量飲食頻率問卷（SQFFQ）；H. 24小時飲食回憶紀錄（24HDR）。結果顯示：（1）以第75百分位劃分受試者為低情緒穩定性組（≧35分）及高情緒穩定性組（<35分），人數比例分別為25.3%及74.7%。（2）低情緒穩定性組憂鬱傾向的比例顯著高於高情緒穩定性組（90.6% v.s 34.7%）。（3）睡眠方面，低情緒穩定性組的睡眠品質和睡眠時數均顯著低於高情緒穩定性組。（4）飲食攝取方面，低情緒穩定性組早餐、午餐攝取頻率顯著低於高情緒穩定性組；而點心醣類攝取量及糕點類攝取頻率顯著高於高情緒穩定性組。（5）雖然低情緒穩定性組體位正常比例低於高情緒穩定性組，且不滿意自身體型和不正確的體型認知比例也較高，但並未達統計上的顯著差異。（6）低情緒穩定性組病態飲食傾向的比例（54.7%）顯著高於高情緒穩定性組（31.5%）。（7）關於低情緒穩定性（神經質傾向）與各變項之關係，結果顯示與憂鬱傾向、病態飲食傾向及睡眠品質分數呈顯著正相關，與早餐、午餐攝取頻率及睡眠時數呈顯著負相關。低情緒穩定性（神經質傾向）個體容易緊張、焦慮且對於負面情緒應對能力較差。本研究結果瞭解低情緒穩定性不僅影響心理層面，也可能導致不良的生活作息及飲食行為。建議應正視具此種人格特質族群可能衍生的營養問題，以降低相關的健康危害。

關鍵字

情緒穩定性／神經質；憂鬱傾向；睡眠品質；營養攝取；病態飲食傾向

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional stability and depression tendency, sleep quality, dietary intake, body size, body image, and eating disorder tendency in university students. A total number of 463 grade one to four university students, which were randomly selected by classes in a university in central Taiwan, participated in the anonymous self-filled questionnaire survey. The content of the questionnaire includes: A. Demographic information; B. Meal frequency; C. SCOFF（Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food）; D. The Traditional Chinese Version of International Personality Item Pool（IPIP-50）－10 items of emotional stability; E. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression（CES-D）; F. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）; G. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire（SQFFQ）; H. 24-hour dietary recall（24HDR）. The results showed：（1）All participants were divided into the low emotional stability group（LESG; scale score≧35）and the high emotional stability group（HESG; scale score <35）by using a cutoff point of 75th percentile. The percentages of LESG and HESG were 25.3% and 74.7% respectively.（2）The rate of depression tendency in LESG was significantly higher than that in HESG（90.6% vs. 34.7%）.（3）As for sleeping, the quality and hours of sleeping in LESG were significantly worse and less than those in HESG.（4）Regarding the dietary intake, the frequency of breakfast and lunch in LESG was significantly lower than that in HESG, while the carbohydrate intake of the snacks and the frequency of desserts were significantly higher than those in HESG.（5）The percentage of normal weight in LESG was lower, also body dissatisfaction and misperception of body image in LESG were higher than those in HESG. However, no significant differences were found in this study. （6）The rate of eating disorder tendency in LESG（54.7%） was significantly higher than it in HESG（31.5%）.（7）The correlation analysis showed that low emotional stability（neuroticism tendency）was significantly positively correlated with depression tendency, eating disorder tendency, scores of PSQI, and negatively correlated with the frequency of breakfast, lunch, and hours of sleep. People with low emotional stability（neuroticism tendency）tend to be nervous and anxious as well as less able to deal with negative emotions. The results indicate that low emotional stability influences psychology and causes inappropriate lifestyles and eating behaviors. To reduce health hazards, we should confront the nutritional problems which may be derived from people with low emotional stability.